CHAPTER 1; THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE JEAN FERRANTE

CHAPTER 1; THE SOCIOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE JEAN FERRANTE

SocialkPerspectivek-kans-
tokexplainkpeople'skbehavior,ksociologistskstressktheksocialkcontextskinkwhichkpeo
pleklive

Societyk-kans-peoplekwhoksharekakculturekandkakterritory

Explainkwhatktheksociologicalkperspectivekis.k-kans-
Theksociologicalkperspectivekiskunderstandingkhowkpeoplekarekinfluencedkbyktheir
ksocialklocationk(theirksocialkexperiences,ktheksocialkcontextskthatkinfluencekthem)
.

Applyktheksociologicalkperspectivektokyourkownklife.k-kans-
Thiskiskuniquektokyou:kThinkkaboutkhowkyourksocialklocationskhavekinfluencedkyo
urkbehaviorkandkideas.

Atkthekheartkofktheksociologicalkperspectivekiskunderstandingkhowkpeople
a.karekallkalikekunderkthekskin
b.kcankneverkfullykunderstandkwhoktheykreallykare
c.kchangektheirkmindskoverklittlekthings
d.karekinfluencedkbyksocietyk-kans-arekinfluencedkbyksociety

Whenksociologistskapplyktheksociologicalkperspective,kthey
a.kusektheirkownkexperiencesktokinterpretkwhatkpeoplektellkthem
b.kkeepkinkmindkthatkallkpeoplekarektheksamekunderkthekskin
c.klookkatkthekinfluenceskofksocialklocation
d.kfindkthatkpeoplekwillkgivekdifferentkanswerskifktheykareklisteningktokdifferentkty
peskofkmusick-kans-lookkatkthekinfluenceskofksocialklocation

Jobs,kincome,keducation,kgender,krace-
ethnicity,kandkagekarekallkexampleskofkwhatkgoeskintokthek
a.kidealkwaykthatkpeoplekrelatektokonekanother
b.ksociologicalkperspective
c.kproductionkofkthekgrossknationalkproduct
d.kdeteriorationkandkrenewalkofkaksocietyk-kans-sociologicalkperspective

Sociologistskviewkhumankbehaviorkprimarilykaskthekoutcomekof
a.kinstincts

,b.kexternalkinfluences
c.kinternalkinfluences
d.kinheritedkinfluencesk-kans-externalkinfluences

Whatkarekthektwoklevelskofkinfluencekonkourkbehaviorkandkthinking?
a.kakglobalizingkworldkandkourksmallkcornerskinklife
b.kjobkinsecuritykandkinflation
c.keducationkandkhomeklife
d.kcommunicationkandktransportationk-kans-
akglobalizingkworldkandkourksmallkcornerskinklife

Tokapplyktheksociologicalkperspectivektokmyself,kIkwould
a.kconsiderkmentalkinfluenceskonkmykbehaviorkandkideas
b.klookkprimarilyktokmykcountry'skhistory
c.kwatchkvideoskandkmovies
d.kconsiderkhowkmykexperienceskhavekinfluencedkmykbehaviorkandkideask-kans-
considerkhowkmykexperienceskhavekinfluencedkmykbehaviorkandkideas

Bourgeoisiek-kans-
Marx'sktermkforkcapitalists,kthosekwhokownkthekmeanskofkproduction

ClasskConflictk-kans-Marx'sktermkforkthekstrugglekbetweenkcapitalistskandkworkers

Sciencek-kans-
thekapplicationkofksystematickmethodsktokobtainkknowledgekandkthekknowledgeko
btainedkbykthosekmethods

ScientifickMethodk-kans-
thekusekofkobjective,ksystematickobservationsktoktestktheories

SocialkIntegrationk-kans-
thekdegreektokwhichkmemberskofkakgroupkorkaksocietykfeelkunitedkbyksharedkva
lueskandkotherksocialkbonds;kalsokknownkasksocialkcohesion

Positivismk-kans-thekapplicationkofkthekscientifickapproachktoktheksocialkworld

Proletariatk-kans-
Marx'sktermkforkthekexploitedkclass,kthekmasskofkworkerskwhokdoknotkownkthek
meanskofkproduction

Sociologyk-kans-theksystematickandkscientifickstudykofksociety

Summarizekthekoriginskofksociology.k-kans-
Sociologykdevelopedkwhenksocialkchangekunderminedktraditionalkexplanationkofklif
e.kMainkfigureskinksociology'skdevelopmentkarekAugustekComte,kHerbertkSpencer,
kKarlkMarx,kEmilekDurkheim,kandkMaxkWeber.

, AugustekComtek-kans-
Comtekintroducedkpositivismk(thekideakofkapplyingkscientifickmethodsktoktheksocia
lkworld)kandkcoinedkthektermksociology.kHekiskcreditedkwithkbeingkthekfounderkof
ksociology.kHekbelievedkthatkitkwasknecessaryktokobservekandkclassifykhumankbe
haviorktokuncoverksociety'skfundamentalklaws.

KarlkMarxk-kans-
Marxkbelievedkthatkthekrootkcausekofkallkmiserykinksocietykwaskclasskconflict—
thekexploitationkofkthekworkingkclasseskbykthosekwhokwerekwealthykandkownedkt
hekmeanskofkproduction.

EmilekDurkheimk-kans-
Durkheimkfoundkthroughkhiskstudieskthatkthekratekofksuicidekwaskhigherkamongk
peoplekwhosektieskwithktheirkcommunitieskwerekweak.

MaxkWeberk-kans-
Weberkbelievedkthatkreligionkwaskthekcentralkforcekinksociety.kHekusedkcross-
culturalkandkhistoricalkmaterialsktoktracekthekcauseskofksocialkchange.

W.kE.kB.kDukBoisk-kans-
DukBoiskcombinedksociologykandksocialkreform.kHekspentkhisklifetimekstudyingkth
ekrelationskbetweenkAfrican-AmericanskandkWhites.

W.E.B.kDuBoisk-kans-
DuBois'kgoalkwasktokfigurekoutkhowkthekindustrialkrevolutionkaffectedksociety.
Hekofferedkthekconceptkofkthekcolorkline

JanekAddamsk-kans-
Aksuccessfulksocialkreformer,kAddamskfoundkthekHullkHousekinkthekChicagokslu
mskandkwelcomedkpeoplekwhokwerekpoor,ksick,kandkneedy.kShekworkedktokimpl
ementkthekeight-hourkworkdaykandktokabolishkchildklabor.

Colorklinek-kans-
akbarrierksupportedkbykcustomskandklawskseparatingknonwhiteskfromkwhites,kesp
eciallykwithkregardktoktheirkroleskinkthekdivisionkofklabor

StatekwhykDurkheim'skresearchkonksuicidekrevealskthekessencekofksociology.k-
kans-
Durkheim'skresearchkrevealedkthatkeachkcountrykhaskit'skownksuicidekrate,kaskdo
kgroupskwithinkakcountry.kThatkthesekratekrecurkyearkafterkyearkindicateskthatksu
icidekiskmorekthankindividualskherekandktherekdecidingktoktakektheirkownklives,kt
hatksocialkconditionskunderlieksuicide.