2730 -Hematologic Pre Tests with Solved
Solutions 2026-2027 Updated.
The nurse reviewing laboratory results of a client recovering from abdominal surgery notices an
elevated number of reticulocytes. What is the nurse's first action? - Answer Perform an
abdominal assessment.
The bone marrow can release immature forms of erythrocytes, called reticulocytes, into the
circulation in response to bleeding. The nurse should assess this client's abdomen, because the
client is recovering from abdominal surgery. The nurse should assess and gather more data
before notifying the health care provider. A blood transfusion would not be held if internal
bleeding is expected.
A nurse is assigned to care for a client with ascites, secondary to cirrhosis. The nurse
understands that the fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity results from a combination of
factors including an alteration in oncotic pressure gradients and increased capillary
permeability. Therefore, the nurse monitors the serum level of the plasma protein responsible
for maintaining oncotic pressure, which is: - Answer Albumin.
Albumin, only produced in the liver, is essential for maintaining oncotic pressure in the vascular
system. A decrease in oncotic pressure due to low albumin causes fluid to leak into the
peritoneal cavity.
A client's family member asks the nurse why disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
occurs. Which statement by the nurse correctly explains the cause of DIC? - Answer DIC is
caused by abnormal activation of the clotting pathway, causing excessive amounts of tiny clots
to form inside organs."
The inflammatory response initiates the process of inflammation and coagulation. The natural
anticoagulant pathways within the body are simultaneously impaired, and the fibrinolytic
system is suppressed, allowing a massive amount of tiny clots forms in the microcirculation. As
the platelets and clotting factors form microthrombi, coagulation fails. Thus, the paradoxical
result of excessive clotting is bleeding. Decline in organ function is usually a result of excessive
clot formation (with resultant ischemia to all or part of the organ).
When assessing a client with anemia, which assessment is essential? - Answer Health history,
including menstrual history
When assessing a client with anemia, it is essential to assess the client's health history. Female
clients should be questioned about their menstrual periods (e.g., excessive menstrual flow,
other vaginal bleeding) and the use of iron supplements during pregnancy.
, The client is to receive a unit of packed red blood cells. What is the nurse's first action? - Answer
Verify that the client has signed a written consent form.
All the options are interventions the nurse will do to ensure the blood transfusion is safe. The
question asks about the first action of the nurse. The first action would be verifying that the
client has signed a written consent form. Then, the nurse would ensure the intravenous site has
a 20-gauge or larger needle. The nurse would proceed to obtain the unit of blood, check the
blood with another registered nurse, and observe for gas bubbles in the unit of blood.
A client with acute myeloid leukemia has a fever. What pathophysiological process does the
nurse recognize is the cause of the client's fever? - Answer Neutropenia
Fever and infection result from a decrease in neutrophils (neutropenia). Decreased red blood
cells (anemia) cause weakness, fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and pallor in AML. Pancytopenia,
an overall decrease in all blood components, is not cause of fever in clients with AML.
Decreased platelet count (thrombocytopenia) causes petechiae and bruising in AML.
A client is diagnosed with extreme thrombocytosis. The nurse knows this condition is a result of
which elevated blood cell count? - Answer Platelets
Extreme thrombocytosis is an elevation in platelets.
Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cellular immunity? - Answer T lymphocyte
T lymphocytes are responsible for delayed allergic reactions, rejection of foreign tissue (e.g.,
transplanted organs), and destruction of tumor cells. This process is known as cellular immunity.
B lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity. A plasma cell secretes immunoglobulin. A
basophil contains histamine and is an integral part of hypersensitivity reactions.
A nurse is developing a care plan for a client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Which nursing intervention should the nurse include? - Answer Place a pressure-reducing
mattress on the client's bed.
A client with DIC is at risk for Impaired skin integrity secondary to bleeding or ischemia. The
nurse should place the client on a pressure-reducing mattress and perform skin care every 2
hours. The nurse should avoid administering any medication that decreases platelet function,
such as aspirin. The nurse should perform mouth care using sponge swabs and baking soda
solution, not lemon-glycerin swabs, because lemon-glycerin swabs can dry the oral mucosa,
which may lead to bleeding. I.M. injections should be avoided in clients with DIC because of the
potential for bleeding.
Solutions 2026-2027 Updated.
The nurse reviewing laboratory results of a client recovering from abdominal surgery notices an
elevated number of reticulocytes. What is the nurse's first action? - Answer Perform an
abdominal assessment.
The bone marrow can release immature forms of erythrocytes, called reticulocytes, into the
circulation in response to bleeding. The nurse should assess this client's abdomen, because the
client is recovering from abdominal surgery. The nurse should assess and gather more data
before notifying the health care provider. A blood transfusion would not be held if internal
bleeding is expected.
A nurse is assigned to care for a client with ascites, secondary to cirrhosis. The nurse
understands that the fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity results from a combination of
factors including an alteration in oncotic pressure gradients and increased capillary
permeability. Therefore, the nurse monitors the serum level of the plasma protein responsible
for maintaining oncotic pressure, which is: - Answer Albumin.
Albumin, only produced in the liver, is essential for maintaining oncotic pressure in the vascular
system. A decrease in oncotic pressure due to low albumin causes fluid to leak into the
peritoneal cavity.
A client's family member asks the nurse why disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
occurs. Which statement by the nurse correctly explains the cause of DIC? - Answer DIC is
caused by abnormal activation of the clotting pathway, causing excessive amounts of tiny clots
to form inside organs."
The inflammatory response initiates the process of inflammation and coagulation. The natural
anticoagulant pathways within the body are simultaneously impaired, and the fibrinolytic
system is suppressed, allowing a massive amount of tiny clots forms in the microcirculation. As
the platelets and clotting factors form microthrombi, coagulation fails. Thus, the paradoxical
result of excessive clotting is bleeding. Decline in organ function is usually a result of excessive
clot formation (with resultant ischemia to all or part of the organ).
When assessing a client with anemia, which assessment is essential? - Answer Health history,
including menstrual history
When assessing a client with anemia, it is essential to assess the client's health history. Female
clients should be questioned about their menstrual periods (e.g., excessive menstrual flow,
other vaginal bleeding) and the use of iron supplements during pregnancy.
, The client is to receive a unit of packed red blood cells. What is the nurse's first action? - Answer
Verify that the client has signed a written consent form.
All the options are interventions the nurse will do to ensure the blood transfusion is safe. The
question asks about the first action of the nurse. The first action would be verifying that the
client has signed a written consent form. Then, the nurse would ensure the intravenous site has
a 20-gauge or larger needle. The nurse would proceed to obtain the unit of blood, check the
blood with another registered nurse, and observe for gas bubbles in the unit of blood.
A client with acute myeloid leukemia has a fever. What pathophysiological process does the
nurse recognize is the cause of the client's fever? - Answer Neutropenia
Fever and infection result from a decrease in neutrophils (neutropenia). Decreased red blood
cells (anemia) cause weakness, fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and pallor in AML. Pancytopenia,
an overall decrease in all blood components, is not cause of fever in clients with AML.
Decreased platelet count (thrombocytopenia) causes petechiae and bruising in AML.
A client is diagnosed with extreme thrombocytosis. The nurse knows this condition is a result of
which elevated blood cell count? - Answer Platelets
Extreme thrombocytosis is an elevation in platelets.
Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cellular immunity? - Answer T lymphocyte
T lymphocytes are responsible for delayed allergic reactions, rejection of foreign tissue (e.g.,
transplanted organs), and destruction of tumor cells. This process is known as cellular immunity.
B lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity. A plasma cell secretes immunoglobulin. A
basophil contains histamine and is an integral part of hypersensitivity reactions.
A nurse is developing a care plan for a client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Which nursing intervention should the nurse include? - Answer Place a pressure-reducing
mattress on the client's bed.
A client with DIC is at risk for Impaired skin integrity secondary to bleeding or ischemia. The
nurse should place the client on a pressure-reducing mattress and perform skin care every 2
hours. The nurse should avoid administering any medication that decreases platelet function,
such as aspirin. The nurse should perform mouth care using sponge swabs and baking soda
solution, not lemon-glycerin swabs, because lemon-glycerin swabs can dry the oral mucosa,
which may lead to bleeding. I.M. injections should be avoided in clients with DIC because of the
potential for bleeding.
