MSN 621 Pulmonology & Respiratory Study Guide & Practice Questions - 2026-2027 | Nursing Exam Prep
ronchitis acute and self limiting inflammation o the trachea and bronchi
typically a viral infection
acute bronchitis clinical presentation cough with or without sputum- long lasting >1wk
dry, non productive
rhinnorhea
sore throat
malaise
low grade fever
acute bronchitis diagnosis based on medical history , respiratory exam, and physical findings
acute bronchitis management symptom relief
encourage smoking cessation
acute bronchitis referal sx last longer than 3 weeks
dyspnea, hypoxia, sepsis
acute bronchitis education duration of cough 10-14 days
rest, fluids, moist air
smoking cessation
no abx
asthma chronic inflammatory disorder of airways
narrowing and inflammation
asthma clinical presentation wheezing*
cough*
dyspnea
sputum production
SOB
chest tightness
anxiety
breathlessness
triggers to asthma exercise
allergens
cold air
aspirin induced
asthma diagnosis H&P
pulmonary function tests
asthma diagnosis components 1. demonstrated airflow obstruction (wheeze, cough, SOB)
2. evidence obstruction is at least partially reversible (use of bronchodilator)
3. exclusion of other conditions
measure of pulmonary function for asthma dx spirometry
peak flow meters
peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)
FEV1
Maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEFR)
forced vital capacity (FVC)
, MSN 621 Pulmonology & Respiratory Study Guide & Practice Questions - 2026-2027 | Nursing Exam Prep
most common pulmonary function abnormality in asthma decreased rate of airflow through vital capacity
decreased FEV1, MMEFR, ratio of FEV1/ FVC
asthma pharmacological management types controller medication
reliver medication
asthma controller medications inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
long acting B agonist bronchodilator combinations (ICS/LABA)
add ons
long acting cholinergic
anti-IgE
anti IL5
systemic corticosteroids
asthma relief medications short acting B2 agonist bronchodilators (SABA)
Low does ICS/formoterol
short acting anticholinergics
asthma treatment track 1 ICS-formoterol as a a reliever
decrease risk of exacerbations than SABA
monitoring asthma at home use a peak flow meter and test PEF (peak expiratory flow) at home
record daily in early afternoon
green/yellow/red
asthma PEF yellow temporary increase in bronchodilator therapy
increased or added corticosteroid
short course corticosteroids
asthma follow up 1-3 months after starting therapy
every 3 - 12 months after
pregnancy ever 4-6weeks prn
pregnancy and asthma drugs of choice
-albuterol
-budesonide
-cromolym
-salmeterol
-oral prednoisone
-zafirlukast
asthma and older adults Aspirin and beta blockers effect asthma
noncardiac chest pain recurrent substernal chest pressure/ discomfort unrelated to the heart
noncardiac chest pain clinical presentation/exam history is crucial
pain: quality, location, intensity, duration, aggravation, alleviation.
vitals
full body exam
ronchitis acute and self limiting inflammation o the trachea and bronchi
typically a viral infection
acute bronchitis clinical presentation cough with or without sputum- long lasting >1wk
dry, non productive
rhinnorhea
sore throat
malaise
low grade fever
acute bronchitis diagnosis based on medical history , respiratory exam, and physical findings
acute bronchitis management symptom relief
encourage smoking cessation
acute bronchitis referal sx last longer than 3 weeks
dyspnea, hypoxia, sepsis
acute bronchitis education duration of cough 10-14 days
rest, fluids, moist air
smoking cessation
no abx
asthma chronic inflammatory disorder of airways
narrowing and inflammation
asthma clinical presentation wheezing*
cough*
dyspnea
sputum production
SOB
chest tightness
anxiety
breathlessness
triggers to asthma exercise
allergens
cold air
aspirin induced
asthma diagnosis H&P
pulmonary function tests
asthma diagnosis components 1. demonstrated airflow obstruction (wheeze, cough, SOB)
2. evidence obstruction is at least partially reversible (use of bronchodilator)
3. exclusion of other conditions
measure of pulmonary function for asthma dx spirometry
peak flow meters
peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)
FEV1
Maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEFR)
forced vital capacity (FVC)
, MSN 621 Pulmonology & Respiratory Study Guide & Practice Questions - 2026-2027 | Nursing Exam Prep
most common pulmonary function abnormality in asthma decreased rate of airflow through vital capacity
decreased FEV1, MMEFR, ratio of FEV1/ FVC
asthma pharmacological management types controller medication
reliver medication
asthma controller medications inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)
long acting B agonist bronchodilator combinations (ICS/LABA)
add ons
long acting cholinergic
anti-IgE
anti IL5
systemic corticosteroids
asthma relief medications short acting B2 agonist bronchodilators (SABA)
Low does ICS/formoterol
short acting anticholinergics
asthma treatment track 1 ICS-formoterol as a a reliever
decrease risk of exacerbations than SABA
monitoring asthma at home use a peak flow meter and test PEF (peak expiratory flow) at home
record daily in early afternoon
green/yellow/red
asthma PEF yellow temporary increase in bronchodilator therapy
increased or added corticosteroid
short course corticosteroids
asthma follow up 1-3 months after starting therapy
every 3 - 12 months after
pregnancy ever 4-6weeks prn
pregnancy and asthma drugs of choice
-albuterol
-budesonide
-cromolym
-salmeterol
-oral prednoisone
-zafirlukast
asthma and older adults Aspirin and beta blockers effect asthma
noncardiac chest pain recurrent substernal chest pressure/ discomfort unrelated to the heart
noncardiac chest pain clinical presentation/exam history is crucial
pain: quality, location, intensity, duration, aggravation, alleviation.
vitals
full body exam
