TEST BANK b3
GeneticsEssentials:ConceptsandConnections 5thEditionby
b
3 b3 b
3 b
3
BenjaminA.Pierce
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLEOFCONTENT
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 3
b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ......................................................................................... 15
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity .............................................................................................................. 32
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ............................................................................. 59
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ................................................................. 98
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation .................................................................................................................... 115
b3 b3 b3
Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ............................................................................................... 139
b3 b3 b3 bb 3 b3 b3
Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ......................................................................................... 152
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ............................................................................................. 181
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing .......................................................... 198
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ................................................................................................ 224
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression............................................................................................................. 244
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair ........................................................... 278
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology .............................................................................. 298
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
b3 b3 b3
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 346
b3 b3 b3
Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................ 366
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
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,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
b3 b3 b3 b3
1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in ter
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v#
ms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce m
b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e lanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also, th
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e la c k of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albin
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
os are s e en as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefor
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e, in most po pulations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in fre
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
quency or are ke pt at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in ter
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos a
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
re viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leader
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ship. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the communi
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ty.
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b
s unlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. Thi
3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
s allo ws them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, t
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
he alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
as strongly a s in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
I NCORRECT?
b3
a. evolution—population genetics b3
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
b3 b3
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
b3 b3 b3
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ANSWER: e b3
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmissiongenetics?
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles b3 b3 b3 b3
b. mechanism of DNA replication b3 b3 b3
c. gene expression patterns
b3 b3
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids
b3 b3 b3 b3
ANSWER: a b3
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d b3
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurall
b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3
y and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3
c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of S
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
b3 pecies.
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a singlegene.
b3 bb 3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3
ANSWER: d b3
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately
b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
1 0,000 and 12,000 years ago.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage ofmelanin.
b3 b3 b3 v# b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e. Theprocess by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms oflife.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ANSWER: d b3
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
b3 b3 b3
b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
b3 b3 b3 b3
c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
b3 b3 b3
d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
b3 b3 b3
e. thechimpanzeePantroglodytes b3
ANSWER: c b3
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
i nheritance?
b3
a. fruit flies b3
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b b3
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap withthe
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
www.PlusBay.Plus
GeneticsEssentials:ConceptsandConnections 5thEditionby
b
3 b3 b
3 b
3
BenjaminA.Pierce
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLEOFCONTENT
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 3
b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ......................................................................................... 15
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity .............................................................................................................. 32
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ............................................................................. 59
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ................................................................. 98
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation .................................................................................................................... 115
b3 b3 b3
Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ............................................................................................... 139
b3 b3 b3 bb 3 b3 b3
Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ......................................................................................... 152
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ............................................................................................. 181
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing .......................................................... 198
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 11: From DNA to Proteins: Translation ................................................................................................ 224
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 12: Control of Gene Expression............................................................................................................. 244
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 13: Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair ........................................................... 278
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 14: Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology .............................................................................. 298
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 15: Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
b3 b3 b3 b3
Chapter 16: Cancer Genetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
b3 b3 b3
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 346
b3 b3 b3
Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ............................................................................................ 366
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
b3 b3 b3 b3
1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in ter
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v#
ms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produce m
b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e lanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Also, th
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e la c k of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albin
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
os are s e en as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefor
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e, in most po pulations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in fre
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
quency or are ke pt at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in ter
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos a
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
re viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of leader
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ship. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the communi
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ty.
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity to
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b
s unlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. Thi
3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
s allo ws them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, t
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
he alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
as strongly a s in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon is
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
I NCORRECT?
b3
a. evolution—population genetics b3
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
b3 b3
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
b3 b3 b3
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ANSWER: e b3
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmissiongenetics?
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles b3 b3 b3 b3
b. mechanism of DNA replication b3 b3 b3
c. gene expression patterns
b3 b3
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids
b3 b3 b3 b3
ANSWER: a b3
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d b3
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structurall
b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3
y and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3
c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin of S
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
b3 pecies.
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a singlegene.
b3 bb 3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3
ANSWER: d b3
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximately
b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
1 0,000 and 12,000 years ago.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage ofmelanin.
b3 b3 b3 v# b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
e. Theprocess by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms oflife.
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
ANSWER: d b3
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
b3 b3 b3
b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
b3 b3 b3 b3
c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
b3 b3 b3
d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
b3 b3 b3
e. thechimpanzeePantroglodytes b3
ANSWER: c b3
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms of
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
i nheritance?
b3
a. fruit flies b3
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b b3
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap withthe
b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 b3 v# b3 b3 b3 b3 b3
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