COMM 370 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Islamphobia - The idea of fearing a certain group of people, because of their culture,
belief, or because they are different is not new. It has been around for centuries. This
process of ethnic, racial, or religious profiling has been commonly referred to as
"stereotyping."
Causes of Islamophobia - One explanation for Islamophobia is that it is based on a
social construct that "reintroduces and reaffirms a global racial structure through which
resource distribution disparities are maintained and extended." This definition accounts
for Islamophobia globally, because it is not present in just one society, but, rather,
across Europe, America, and other parts of the West. This explains the fear of
immigrants, under the claim that there is not enough space for them, and that Western
civilization and Islam cannot coexist side by side
three waves of islamophobia - 1) The first wave of Islamophobia emerged after the Iran
hostages' crisis.
2) The second wave of Islamophobia emerged after the September 11th attacks
3) The third wave of Islamophobia emerged after the attacks in Paris, San Bernardino,
California, and Orlando, Florida, and it escalated significantly after the rhetoric in the
last presidential campaign in the U.S., which culminated in new policies, such as the
Muslim travel ban. This third wave of Islamophobia could be said to be the most
aggressive and most detrimental wave, due to its far reaching destructive effects and
negative ramifications, mainly as a result of the wide publicity, via both mainstream
media, as well as social media venues and channels.
How could the phenomenon of Islamophobia be a double-edged sword? Examples? - It
could be said that the waves of Islamophobia which were witnessed in the U.S. are a
double-edged sword for American-Muslims.
Increased (- effects):
Bias
Prejudice
Discrimination
Hate crimes against Muslims
On the other hand, it increased (+ effects):
Interest in learning about Islam and Muslims to an unprecedented degree, and it
increased solidarity with Muslims as well
, How can the internet be a double-edged sword in terms of Islamophobia? - Likewise,
one can argue that the Internet, with all of its unfiltered content, can sometimes harm
Muslims and negatively affect their image and reputation.
For Example:
Twitter campaigns, such as #banislam, try to shed light on Islamic extremism. In a new
digital world, where information exchange occurs instantly and freely, it is impossible to
stop or censor these types of campaigns entirely.
However, the internet also offers unique and unprecedented opportunities for Muslims
to respond and react to all of these efforts, using the very same tools.
The advantages of newspapers as a medium - - Newspapers allow for in-depth
coverage because you can put almost everything in an article versus a video or
broadcast that will only cover a much shorter version of an interview
- Keeps people aware of new events and developments
- Shaping public opinion trends; especially through editorials and columns
- Enriching the cultural and literary wealth of society (i.e. many different sections in
newspaper so it allows different journalist to write on different topics)
- Allowing public debates and controversies to be discussed
The disadvantages of newspapers as a medium - - Not so visually attractive -- does not
engage all senses as in broadcast media
- Relatively slow in transmitting news and updating the audience; compared to
broadcast media
- Appeal more to older generations
--- Doesn't appeal to a very large audience and different demographic characteristics
- Has limited access compared to broadcast media due to 'illiteracy barrier'
Objective journalism - - Considered the 'ideal' form of journalism
- Separates fact from opinions → be able to distinguish what is fact from opinion
- TRIES to present accurate, balanced and unbiased news coverage
--- This may be hard because journalist will have an opinion on a topic and can lead
more towards one side than another
Investigative journalism - - Tries to reveal the corruption or wrong actions, especially of
the top officials and celebrities in society
- Plays the role of 'watchdog' over the gov't and those in power
--- Ex: the 'Watergate Scandal'
Yellow journalism - - Focus more on gossip, celebrities, news, and scandals -- TMZ,
Inquirer Magazine
- Most types of publications are called 'tabloids'
- They're interested more in selling and making profit
- Threats?
--- People will believe the rumors, lies, tabloids post which can lead to discrediting
journalism
ANSWERS
Islamphobia - The idea of fearing a certain group of people, because of their culture,
belief, or because they are different is not new. It has been around for centuries. This
process of ethnic, racial, or religious profiling has been commonly referred to as
"stereotyping."
Causes of Islamophobia - One explanation for Islamophobia is that it is based on a
social construct that "reintroduces and reaffirms a global racial structure through which
resource distribution disparities are maintained and extended." This definition accounts
for Islamophobia globally, because it is not present in just one society, but, rather,
across Europe, America, and other parts of the West. This explains the fear of
immigrants, under the claim that there is not enough space for them, and that Western
civilization and Islam cannot coexist side by side
three waves of islamophobia - 1) The first wave of Islamophobia emerged after the Iran
hostages' crisis.
2) The second wave of Islamophobia emerged after the September 11th attacks
3) The third wave of Islamophobia emerged after the attacks in Paris, San Bernardino,
California, and Orlando, Florida, and it escalated significantly after the rhetoric in the
last presidential campaign in the U.S., which culminated in new policies, such as the
Muslim travel ban. This third wave of Islamophobia could be said to be the most
aggressive and most detrimental wave, due to its far reaching destructive effects and
negative ramifications, mainly as a result of the wide publicity, via both mainstream
media, as well as social media venues and channels.
How could the phenomenon of Islamophobia be a double-edged sword? Examples? - It
could be said that the waves of Islamophobia which were witnessed in the U.S. are a
double-edged sword for American-Muslims.
Increased (- effects):
Bias
Prejudice
Discrimination
Hate crimes against Muslims
On the other hand, it increased (+ effects):
Interest in learning about Islam and Muslims to an unprecedented degree, and it
increased solidarity with Muslims as well
, How can the internet be a double-edged sword in terms of Islamophobia? - Likewise,
one can argue that the Internet, with all of its unfiltered content, can sometimes harm
Muslims and negatively affect their image and reputation.
For Example:
Twitter campaigns, such as #banislam, try to shed light on Islamic extremism. In a new
digital world, where information exchange occurs instantly and freely, it is impossible to
stop or censor these types of campaigns entirely.
However, the internet also offers unique and unprecedented opportunities for Muslims
to respond and react to all of these efforts, using the very same tools.
The advantages of newspapers as a medium - - Newspapers allow for in-depth
coverage because you can put almost everything in an article versus a video or
broadcast that will only cover a much shorter version of an interview
- Keeps people aware of new events and developments
- Shaping public opinion trends; especially through editorials and columns
- Enriching the cultural and literary wealth of society (i.e. many different sections in
newspaper so it allows different journalist to write on different topics)
- Allowing public debates and controversies to be discussed
The disadvantages of newspapers as a medium - - Not so visually attractive -- does not
engage all senses as in broadcast media
- Relatively slow in transmitting news and updating the audience; compared to
broadcast media
- Appeal more to older generations
--- Doesn't appeal to a very large audience and different demographic characteristics
- Has limited access compared to broadcast media due to 'illiteracy barrier'
Objective journalism - - Considered the 'ideal' form of journalism
- Separates fact from opinions → be able to distinguish what is fact from opinion
- TRIES to present accurate, balanced and unbiased news coverage
--- This may be hard because journalist will have an opinion on a topic and can lead
more towards one side than another
Investigative journalism - - Tries to reveal the corruption or wrong actions, especially of
the top officials and celebrities in society
- Plays the role of 'watchdog' over the gov't and those in power
--- Ex: the 'Watergate Scandal'
Yellow journalism - - Focus more on gossip, celebrities, news, and scandals -- TMZ,
Inquirer Magazine
- Most types of publications are called 'tabloids'
- They're interested more in selling and making profit
- Threats?
--- People will believe the rumors, lies, tabloids post which can lead to discrediting
journalism
