NR 507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 2
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM | 50
QUESTIONS | PROCTORED EXAM |
CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
1. A patient exhibits a decrease in muscle size due to prolonged immobilization in a cast.
Which cellular adaptation is this describing?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Atrophy is the decrease or shrinkage in cellular size, often
occurring in skeletal muscle after disuse or immobilization.
2. Which type of cellular adaptation is characterized by the replacement of one mature cell
type by another, less mature cell type?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
,C. Dysplasia
D. Neoplasia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia involves the reversible replacement of one mature
cell by another, such as the change in bronchial lining cells due to chronic smoking.
3. A 55-year-old male with chronic hypertension has an enlarged heart. This is an example of
which cellular adaptation?
A. Compensatory hyperplasia
B. Physiologic hypertrophy
C. Pathologic hyperplasia
D. Pathologic hypertrophy
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Pathologic hypertrophy in the heart occurs in response to
chronic hemodynamic overload, such as hypertension or valve dysfunction.
4. What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Free radicals
B. Chemical agents
C. Genetic factors
, D. Hypoxia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hypoxia, or lack of sufficient oxygen, is the single most common
cause of cellular injury.
5. During ischemia, what is the primary reason for cellular swelling?
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Influx of sodium and water due to ATP depletion
C. Loss of intracellular potassium
D. Activation of the complement system
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Lack of oxygen leads to decreased ATP, which causes the failure
of the sodium-potassium pump, leading to an influx of sodium and water into the cell.
6. Which process results in the systematic destruction of organelles and cytoplasmic
components to provide nutrients to the cell during starvation?
A. Apoptosis
B. Pyroptosis
C. Necrosis
D. Autophagy
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 2
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM | 50
QUESTIONS | PROCTORED EXAM |
CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
1. A patient exhibits a decrease in muscle size due to prolonged immobilization in a cast.
Which cellular adaptation is this describing?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Atrophy is the decrease or shrinkage in cellular size, often
occurring in skeletal muscle after disuse or immobilization.
2. Which type of cellular adaptation is characterized by the replacement of one mature cell
type by another, less mature cell type?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
,C. Dysplasia
D. Neoplasia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia involves the reversible replacement of one mature
cell by another, such as the change in bronchial lining cells due to chronic smoking.
3. A 55-year-old male with chronic hypertension has an enlarged heart. This is an example of
which cellular adaptation?
A. Compensatory hyperplasia
B. Physiologic hypertrophy
C. Pathologic hyperplasia
D. Pathologic hypertrophy
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Pathologic hypertrophy in the heart occurs in response to
chronic hemodynamic overload, such as hypertension or valve dysfunction.
4. What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Free radicals
B. Chemical agents
C. Genetic factors
, D. Hypoxia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hypoxia, or lack of sufficient oxygen, is the single most common
cause of cellular injury.
5. During ischemia, what is the primary reason for cellular swelling?
A. Increased protein synthesis
B. Influx of sodium and water due to ATP depletion
C. Loss of intracellular potassium
D. Activation of the complement system
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Lack of oxygen leads to decreased ATP, which causes the failure
of the sodium-potassium pump, leading to an influx of sodium and water into the cell.
6. Which process results in the systematic destruction of organelles and cytoplasmic
components to provide nutrients to the cell during starvation?
A. Apoptosis
B. Pyroptosis
C. Necrosis
D. Autophagy
