NR 507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
(WEEKS 1-4) | 50 QUESTIONS |
PROCTORED EXAM | CHAMBERLAIN
UNIVERSITY
1. Which cellular process involves the reduction in size of an organ or tissue due to a decrease
in cell size and number?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Atrophy is the shrinkage in cell size by loss of cell substance,
often resulting in reduced organ size.
2. A patient exhibits abnormal differentiation of dividing cells, leading to changes in size,
shape, and appearance. This is best described as:
A. Hyperplasia
,B. Neoplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Anaplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and
organization of mature cells.
3. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for the cellular swelling seen in hypoxic injury?
A. Decreased intracellular calcium
B. Increased ATP production
C. Increased aerobic metabolism
D. Failure of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hypoxia leads to reduced ATP, causing the Na+/K+ pump to fail,
which results in sodium entering the cell and water following via osmosis, leading to
swelling.
4. Which type of necrosis is characterized by the transformation of tissue into a liquid, viscous
mass, typically seen in the brain?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
, C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Liquefactive necrosis is common in ischemic injury to neurons
and glial cells in the brain because brain cells are rich in digestive hydrolytic enzymes.
5. In genetics, the term ‘aneuploidy’ refers to:
A. A cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes
B. A cell that contains a multiple of the normal 23 chromosomes
C. The process of crossing over during meiosis
D. A chromosomal deletion
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of
chromosomes in a cell, such as 45 or 47 instead of 46.
6. Which syndrome is characterized by the karyotype 45,X?
A. Down Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Cri du Chat Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
(WEEKS 1-4) | 50 QUESTIONS |
PROCTORED EXAM | CHAMBERLAIN
UNIVERSITY
1. Which cellular process involves the reduction in size of an organ or tissue due to a decrease
in cell size and number?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Atrophy is the shrinkage in cell size by loss of cell substance,
often resulting in reduced organ size.
2. A patient exhibits abnormal differentiation of dividing cells, leading to changes in size,
shape, and appearance. This is best described as:
A. Hyperplasia
,B. Neoplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Anaplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and
organization of mature cells.
3. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for the cellular swelling seen in hypoxic injury?
A. Decreased intracellular calcium
B. Increased ATP production
C. Increased aerobic metabolism
D. Failure of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hypoxia leads to reduced ATP, causing the Na+/K+ pump to fail,
which results in sodium entering the cell and water following via osmosis, leading to
swelling.
4. Which type of necrosis is characterized by the transformation of tissue into a liquid, viscous
mass, typically seen in the brain?
A. Liquefactive necrosis
B. Caseous necrosis
, C. Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Liquefactive necrosis is common in ischemic injury to neurons
and glial cells in the brain because brain cells are rich in digestive hydrolytic enzymes.
5. In genetics, the term ‘aneuploidy’ refers to:
A. A cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes
B. A cell that contains a multiple of the normal 23 chromosomes
C. The process of crossing over during meiosis
D. A chromosomal deletion
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of
chromosomes in a cell, such as 45 or 47 instead of 46.
6. Which syndrome is characterized by the karyotype 45,X?
A. Down Syndrome
B. Klinefelter Syndrome
C. Cri du Chat Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
