GNED 1101: Term 1 test-Questions, Answers|
Newest Update 2026/2027
logic
-enables you to apply deductive reasoning to arrive at valid conclusions in complicated situations
-enables you to avoid being fooled into believing things for which insufficient reasons are
available
-allow for more better and convincing arguments
statement
a sentence that is either true or false, but not both
Negating Statements
the opposite of the statement
quantifiers
The words all, some, and no (or none).
all are B
Some A are not B
Some A are B
No A are B
Simple statements
convey one idea with no connecting words
,Compound Statements
combine two or more simple statements using connectives
Connectives
Words to join simple statements
ex.) and,or,if....then, if and only if
And statements
-If p and q are simple statements, then the compound. statement "p and q" is symbolized by P ^
Q
Conjunction
Compound statement formed by connecting statement with the word
symbol: ^
Common english expressions for p ^ q
p and q
p but q
p yet q
p nevertheless q
Or statements
The connective can mean two different things
exclusive or
one or the other but not both
, inclusive or
either or both
Disjunction
a compound statement formed using the inclusive or represented by symbol V
if-then statement
a compound statement of the form "if p, then q" is symbolized by p→ q
conditional statement
The statement before the → is called the antecedent
The statement after the → is called the consequent
Antecedent→consequent
if and only if
biconditional statement
biconditional statement
are conditional statements that are true if the statements still true when the antecedent and
consequent are reversed
symbolized by p↔q
Dominance of Connectives
Newest Update 2026/2027
logic
-enables you to apply deductive reasoning to arrive at valid conclusions in complicated situations
-enables you to avoid being fooled into believing things for which insufficient reasons are
available
-allow for more better and convincing arguments
statement
a sentence that is either true or false, but not both
Negating Statements
the opposite of the statement
quantifiers
The words all, some, and no (or none).
all are B
Some A are not B
Some A are B
No A are B
Simple statements
convey one idea with no connecting words
,Compound Statements
combine two or more simple statements using connectives
Connectives
Words to join simple statements
ex.) and,or,if....then, if and only if
And statements
-If p and q are simple statements, then the compound. statement "p and q" is symbolized by P ^
Q
Conjunction
Compound statement formed by connecting statement with the word
symbol: ^
Common english expressions for p ^ q
p and q
p but q
p yet q
p nevertheless q
Or statements
The connective can mean two different things
exclusive or
one or the other but not both
, inclusive or
either or both
Disjunction
a compound statement formed using the inclusive or represented by symbol V
if-then statement
a compound statement of the form "if p, then q" is symbolized by p→ q
conditional statement
The statement before the → is called the antecedent
The statement after the → is called the consequent
Antecedent→consequent
if and only if
biconditional statement
biconditional statement
are conditional statements that are true if the statements still true when the antecedent and
consequent are reversed
symbolized by p↔q
Dominance of Connectives
