FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING 11TH EDITION BY
PATRICIA A 2026 PRACTICE TEST PACK
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED INSIGHTS
◉ Florence Nightingale.
Answer: defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated
nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education,
published books; founder of modern nursing
◉ Clara Barton.
Answer: established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and
feed union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses
for the army of James
◉ sources of knowledge.
Answer: -traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on
person's perceived expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
◉ objective.
Answer: you can see the object
,◉ subjective.
Answer: coming from that subject
◉ types of knowledge.
Answer: -science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating,
and explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the
processes used to develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring
about a desired result)
◉ goals of nursing research.
Answer: -improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics,
nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
◉ deductive reasoning.
Answer: examines a general idea and then considers specific actions
or ideas
,◉ inductive reasoning.
Answer: one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions
about general ideas
◉ health.
Answer: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being,
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
◉ illness.
Answer: the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal
process involving changed level of functioning
◉ wellness.
Answer: an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle
promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
◉ nursing theory.
Answer: differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities
in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting,
and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
◉ evidence-based practice (EBP).
Answer: a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions,
using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of
, nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific
nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of
patients
◉ steps in implementing EBP.
Answer: Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an
intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient
preferences, and values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
◉ human dimensions that compose the whole person.
Answer: physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual,
sociocultural, and emotional
◉ acute illness.
Answer: rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time;
examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
◉ chronic illness.
Answer: slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of
PATRICIA A 2026 PRACTICE TEST PACK
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED INSIGHTS
◉ Florence Nightingale.
Answer: defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated
nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education,
published books; founder of modern nursing
◉ Clara Barton.
Answer: established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and
feed union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses
for the army of James
◉ sources of knowledge.
Answer: -traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on
person's perceived expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
◉ objective.
Answer: you can see the object
,◉ subjective.
Answer: coming from that subject
◉ types of knowledge.
Answer: -science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating,
and explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the
processes used to develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring
about a desired result)
◉ goals of nursing research.
Answer: -improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics,
nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
◉ deductive reasoning.
Answer: examines a general idea and then considers specific actions
or ideas
,◉ inductive reasoning.
Answer: one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions
about general ideas
◉ health.
Answer: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being,
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
◉ illness.
Answer: the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal
process involving changed level of functioning
◉ wellness.
Answer: an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle
promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health
◉ nursing theory.
Answer: differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities
in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting,
and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
◉ evidence-based practice (EBP).
Answer: a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions,
using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of
, nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific
nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of
patients
◉ steps in implementing EBP.
Answer: Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an
intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient
preferences, and values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
◉ human dimensions that compose the whole person.
Answer: physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual,
sociocultural, and emotional
◉ acute illness.
Answer: rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time;
examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
◉ chronic illness.
Answer: slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by
change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of
