NR-507 Week 4 Midterm Exam and Week 8
2026 Final Exam Package 100 Questions
and Answers
4 Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an): (Points : 2)
a. Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of selfantigens
b. Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
c. Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
d. Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens - c. Altered immunologic
response to an antigen that results in disease
5 What is the final stage of the infectious process? (Points : 2)
a. Colonization
b. Invasion
c. Multiplication
d. Spread (1. Colonization 2. Invasion 3. Multiply 4. Spread) - d. Spread (1. Colonization
2. Invasion 3. Multiply 4. Spread)
6 The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? (Points : 2)
a. Righttoleft blood shunting
b. Lefttoright blood shunting
c. Blood flow from the umbilical cord
d. Blood flow to the lungs - a. Righttoleft blood shunting
7 It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding?
(Points :
2)
a. Cancer is confined to the organ of origin.
b. Cancer has spread to regional structures.
c. Cancer is locally invasive.
,d. Cancer has spread to distant sites - c. Cancer is locally invasive.
1 The coronary ostia are located in the: (Points : 2)
a. Left ventricle
b. Aortic valve
c. Coronary sinus
d. Aorta - d. Aorta
2 Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children
finally
lodge? (Points : 2)
a. Trachea
b. Left lung
c. Bronchus
d. Bronchioles - c. Bronchus
3 Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction? (Points : 2)
a. IgA
b. IgE
c. IgG
d. IgM - b. IgE
9 Which statement is true concerning the IgM? (Points : 2)
a. IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen.
b. IgM mediates many common allergic responses.
c. IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins.
d. IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta. - a. IgM is the first antibody produced
during the initial response to an antigen.
10 Apoptosis is a(an): (Points : 2)
a. Normal mechanism for cells to selfdestruct when growth is excessive
b. Antigrowth signal activated by the tumorsuppressor gene Rb
c. Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene
d. Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia - a. Normal mechanism for cells
to selfdestruct when growth is excessive
11 Which statement concerning benign tumors is true? (Points : 2)
a. The resulting pain is severe.
b. Benign tumors are not encapsulated.
, c. Benign tumors are fast growing.
d. The cells are welldifferentiated. - d. The cells are welldifferentiated.
Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations?
(Points
: 2)
a. PRS
b. QRS
c. QT interval
d. P - b. QRS
Which organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection? (Points : 2)
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Clostridium perfringens
c. Helicobacter pylori
d. Treponema pallidum - d. Treponema pallidum
Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome
(GAS)?
(Points : 2)
a. Adrenal cortex
b. Hypothalamus
c. Anterior pituitary
d. Limbic system - b. Hypothalamus
What is the role of caretaker genes? (Points : 2)
a. Maintenance of genomic integrity
b. Proliferation of cancer cells
c. Secretion of growth factors
d. Restoration of normal tissue structure - a. Maintenance of genomic integrity
Where are antibodies produced? (Points : 2)
a. Helper T lymphocytes
b. Thymus gland
c. Plasma cells
d. Bone marrow - c. Plasma cells
The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve? (Points
: 2)
a. Vagus
b. Phrenic
c. Brachial
d. Pectoral - a. Vagus
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? (Points : 2)
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
2026 Final Exam Package 100 Questions
and Answers
4 Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an): (Points : 2)
a. Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of selfantigens
b. Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
c. Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
d. Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens - c. Altered immunologic
response to an antigen that results in disease
5 What is the final stage of the infectious process? (Points : 2)
a. Colonization
b. Invasion
c. Multiplication
d. Spread (1. Colonization 2. Invasion 3. Multiply 4. Spread) - d. Spread (1. Colonization
2. Invasion 3. Multiply 4. Spread)
6 The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? (Points : 2)
a. Righttoleft blood shunting
b. Lefttoright blood shunting
c. Blood flow from the umbilical cord
d. Blood flow to the lungs - a. Righttoleft blood shunting
7 It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding?
(Points :
2)
a. Cancer is confined to the organ of origin.
b. Cancer has spread to regional structures.
c. Cancer is locally invasive.
,d. Cancer has spread to distant sites - c. Cancer is locally invasive.
1 The coronary ostia are located in the: (Points : 2)
a. Left ventricle
b. Aortic valve
c. Coronary sinus
d. Aorta - d. Aorta
2 Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children
finally
lodge? (Points : 2)
a. Trachea
b. Left lung
c. Bronchus
d. Bronchioles - c. Bronchus
3 Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction? (Points : 2)
a. IgA
b. IgE
c. IgG
d. IgM - b. IgE
9 Which statement is true concerning the IgM? (Points : 2)
a. IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen.
b. IgM mediates many common allergic responses.
c. IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins.
d. IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta. - a. IgM is the first antibody produced
during the initial response to an antigen.
10 Apoptosis is a(an): (Points : 2)
a. Normal mechanism for cells to selfdestruct when growth is excessive
b. Antigrowth signal activated by the tumorsuppressor gene Rb
c. Mutation of cell growth stimulated by the TP53 gene
d. Transformation of cells from dysplasia to anaplasia - a. Normal mechanism for cells
to selfdestruct when growth is excessive
11 Which statement concerning benign tumors is true? (Points : 2)
a. The resulting pain is severe.
b. Benign tumors are not encapsulated.
, c. Benign tumors are fast growing.
d. The cells are welldifferentiated. - d. The cells are welldifferentiated.
Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations?
(Points
: 2)
a. PRS
b. QRS
c. QT interval
d. P - b. QRS
Which organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection? (Points : 2)
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Clostridium perfringens
c. Helicobacter pylori
d. Treponema pallidum - d. Treponema pallidum
Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome
(GAS)?
(Points : 2)
a. Adrenal cortex
b. Hypothalamus
c. Anterior pituitary
d. Limbic system - b. Hypothalamus
What is the role of caretaker genes? (Points : 2)
a. Maintenance of genomic integrity
b. Proliferation of cancer cells
c. Secretion of growth factors
d. Restoration of normal tissue structure - a. Maintenance of genomic integrity
Where are antibodies produced? (Points : 2)
a. Helper T lymphocytes
b. Thymus gland
c. Plasma cells
d. Bone marrow - c. Plasma cells
The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve? (Points
: 2)
a. Vagus
b. Phrenic
c. Brachial
d. Pectoral - a. Vagus
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? (Points : 2)
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
