NURS 8024 ADV. PHARM ACTUAL EXAM
LATEST VERSIONS QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A
2 Major Administration Routes - correct answer- 1.
Enteral -most common, easy, cheap-BUT drug absorption
pathways can be complicated
2. Parenteral-IV, fast, more expensive, once in-cannot get back
Absorption - correct answer- entry of pharmacologic
agent into plasma
Active Transport - correct answer- requires energy
(ATP), Able to move drug from LOWER to HIGHER concentration
adipose tissue - correct answer- can store drugs and
hormones
Bioavailability - correct answer- Highest to Lowest
IV, IM, SC, PO, PR (Rectal), Inhalation, Transdermal
,Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - correct answer- --
physiological barrier between the circulatory system and the
central nervous system that establishes a privileged blood
supply, restricting the flow of substances into the CNS
--Drugs must pass through the CNS capillaries or be actively
transported
-- Lipid soluble drugs penetrate the CNS by dissolving in the
membrane of ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
-- Ionized or polar drugs cannot pass due to the TIGHT KNIT
CELLS WITHOUT SLIT JUNCTIONS!
Capillary Permeability and Drug Distribution - correct
answer- • Capillary permeability
• capillary structure & chemical nature of the drug
• Variance in capillary structure: slit junctions between
endothelial cells (liver and pancreas have this)
• Allows passage of plasma proteins... and thus, drug molecules
• Absent in the brain- "blood-brain barrier"
Clinical Implications of Plasma Protein Binding - correct
answer- Drug displacement from albumin substantial
source of drug interactions.....
, • Class I drug - warfarin
• Highly protein bound - small fraction of free drug in plasma
↓
• Class II drug given - sulfa
• Displaces warfarin from albumin
• Rapid rise in free drug concentration
• Increased therapeutic effect- toxic effect
Competition for Plasma Protein Binding: Class I (most drugs) -
correct answer- - Low dose/capacity ratio
-Amount of drug < albumin binding capacity
-number of binding sites > available drug
Competition for Plasma Protein Binding: Class II (minority of
drugs) - correct answer- -High dose/capacity ratio
-Amount of drug > albumin binding capacity
-High proportion of drug in "free" state = not protein bound
Describe the 5 stages of CKD - correct answer- Stage
1: Kidney Damage with NL GFR >90
Stage 2: Kidney Damage with mild decrease GFR 60-89
LATEST VERSIONS QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A
2 Major Administration Routes - correct answer- 1.
Enteral -most common, easy, cheap-BUT drug absorption
pathways can be complicated
2. Parenteral-IV, fast, more expensive, once in-cannot get back
Absorption - correct answer- entry of pharmacologic
agent into plasma
Active Transport - correct answer- requires energy
(ATP), Able to move drug from LOWER to HIGHER concentration
adipose tissue - correct answer- can store drugs and
hormones
Bioavailability - correct answer- Highest to Lowest
IV, IM, SC, PO, PR (Rectal), Inhalation, Transdermal
,Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) - correct answer- --
physiological barrier between the circulatory system and the
central nervous system that establishes a privileged blood
supply, restricting the flow of substances into the CNS
--Drugs must pass through the CNS capillaries or be actively
transported
-- Lipid soluble drugs penetrate the CNS by dissolving in the
membrane of ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
-- Ionized or polar drugs cannot pass due to the TIGHT KNIT
CELLS WITHOUT SLIT JUNCTIONS!
Capillary Permeability and Drug Distribution - correct
answer- • Capillary permeability
• capillary structure & chemical nature of the drug
• Variance in capillary structure: slit junctions between
endothelial cells (liver and pancreas have this)
• Allows passage of plasma proteins... and thus, drug molecules
• Absent in the brain- "blood-brain barrier"
Clinical Implications of Plasma Protein Binding - correct
answer- Drug displacement from albumin substantial
source of drug interactions.....
, • Class I drug - warfarin
• Highly protein bound - small fraction of free drug in plasma
↓
• Class II drug given - sulfa
• Displaces warfarin from albumin
• Rapid rise in free drug concentration
• Increased therapeutic effect- toxic effect
Competition for Plasma Protein Binding: Class I (most drugs) -
correct answer- - Low dose/capacity ratio
-Amount of drug < albumin binding capacity
-number of binding sites > available drug
Competition for Plasma Protein Binding: Class II (minority of
drugs) - correct answer- -High dose/capacity ratio
-Amount of drug > albumin binding capacity
-High proportion of drug in "free" state = not protein bound
Describe the 5 stages of CKD - correct answer- Stage
1: Kidney Damage with NL GFR >90
Stage 2: Kidney Damage with mild decrease GFR 60-89
