HCR 240 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (2026-2027) (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
abnormal breathing patterns - correct answer-
Kussmaul respiration--> hyperventilation
Cheynes-Stokes--> hyperventilation with periods of apnea
active vs passive immunity - correct answer- active:
live antigen, lasts longer because your body can respond to a
presentation of the antigen in a later exposure ex. vaccines
passive: paced on from a donor.
ex. immunoglobulins from mother through placenta
acute cystitis - correct answer- inflammation of the
bladder
CM--> asymptomatic or UTI symptoms
,acute vs chronic pain - correct answer- acute: less
than 3 months, is precautious pain when something imminent is
harming your body.
chronic: 3+ months
due to a dysfunction in nociceptors or pain regulation.
-Both have referent pain.
Addisons disease - correct answer- too little cortisol
production.
-autoimmune mechanism.
CM:
low aldosterone
weakness
hyperpigmentation
vitiligo
afterload - correct answer- blood resistance while
contracting.
,what changes it?
- slow contractions, increase afterload
-fast contractions, decrease afterload
ALL - correct answer- acute lymphocytic leukemia.
-children
-immature lymphoblasts
-philadelphia chromosome
alterations in muscle tone - correct answer-
hypotonia: descreased muscle tone
hypertonia: increased muscle tone
-spasticity: hyperreactiveness
-paratonia: resistance to passive movements
-dystonia: increase in involuntary contractions
-rigidity
AML - correct answer- acute myelogenous leukemia
, -adults
-problems with transcription factors, multiple chromosomal
translocations, gene mutations
CM--> bleeding, muscular atrophy, fever, weight loss
ARDS - correct answer- acute respiratory distress
syndrome.
lungs get tired, dyspnea, not enough oxygen, hyperventilation,
low perfusion, organ dysfunction, hypoventilation, lung failure,
death.
asthma - correct answer- bronchospasms, bronchial
inflammation, mucosal edema.
CM--> wheezing, chest tightness, nonproductive cough,
bronchial constriction
atherosclerosis - correct answer- plaque accumulation
throughout the body.
ANSWERS (2026-2027) (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
abnormal breathing patterns - correct answer-
Kussmaul respiration--> hyperventilation
Cheynes-Stokes--> hyperventilation with periods of apnea
active vs passive immunity - correct answer- active:
live antigen, lasts longer because your body can respond to a
presentation of the antigen in a later exposure ex. vaccines
passive: paced on from a donor.
ex. immunoglobulins from mother through placenta
acute cystitis - correct answer- inflammation of the
bladder
CM--> asymptomatic or UTI symptoms
,acute vs chronic pain - correct answer- acute: less
than 3 months, is precautious pain when something imminent is
harming your body.
chronic: 3+ months
due to a dysfunction in nociceptors or pain regulation.
-Both have referent pain.
Addisons disease - correct answer- too little cortisol
production.
-autoimmune mechanism.
CM:
low aldosterone
weakness
hyperpigmentation
vitiligo
afterload - correct answer- blood resistance while
contracting.
,what changes it?
- slow contractions, increase afterload
-fast contractions, decrease afterload
ALL - correct answer- acute lymphocytic leukemia.
-children
-immature lymphoblasts
-philadelphia chromosome
alterations in muscle tone - correct answer-
hypotonia: descreased muscle tone
hypertonia: increased muscle tone
-spasticity: hyperreactiveness
-paratonia: resistance to passive movements
-dystonia: increase in involuntary contractions
-rigidity
AML - correct answer- acute myelogenous leukemia
, -adults
-problems with transcription factors, multiple chromosomal
translocations, gene mutations
CM--> bleeding, muscular atrophy, fever, weight loss
ARDS - correct answer- acute respiratory distress
syndrome.
lungs get tired, dyspnea, not enough oxygen, hyperventilation,
low perfusion, organ dysfunction, hypoventilation, lung failure,
death.
asthma - correct answer- bronchospasms, bronchial
inflammation, mucosal edema.
CM--> wheezing, chest tightness, nonproductive cough,
bronchial constriction
atherosclerosis - correct answer- plaque accumulation
throughout the body.
