WGU C963 TFN 1 TASK 2 POWERS AND
STRUCTURES ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Natural Rights.
Answer: the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include
the right to life, liberty, and property
◉ State of Nature.
Answer: A theory on how people might have lived before societies
came into existence. is a condition in which all of us live individually
and solitarily, prior to the existence of society. We are physically and
mentally capable of achieving our own survival.
◉ Montesquieu (1689-1755).
Answer: contribution in The Spirit of the Laws (1748) regards the
structure of political institutions. He argues for a separation of
powers: legislative, executive, and judicial. Each will serve as a check
on the power of the other, limiting the harm each might do.
separates power to offset the power of different social interests:
ordinary people, the aristocracy, and the monarch.
◉ Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679):.
,Answer: One of the first individuals to contribute to the idea of the
social contract was a pre-Enlightenment English philosopher.
Hobbes argues that society is not something natural and immutable,
but rather it is something created by us. We do this to resolve
problems we collectively face, to make our lives better. State of
Nature: it's "a war of all against all." Basically, the state of nature is a
pretty nasty place where lives are perpetually insecure.
◉ John Locke (1632-1704).
Answer: we are autonomous individuals, capable of using reason,
and are driven to advance our personal interests. Our primary
interest is survival, which we want to make secure and comfortable.
To achieve this security and comfort, we acquire property. Two
Treatises of Government, disagrees, saying the state of nature is a
relatively decent place. All its inhabitants are rational people,
mindful of the basic law of nature to not harm another, and people
will get along okay. But our relationship in the state of nature is
"inconvenient," implying an incentive for us to devise a better, more
convenient arrangement.
◉ Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778).
Answer: A French man who believed that humans are naturally good
and free and can rely on their instincts. He also advocated a
democracy because he believed the government should exist to
protect common good. Like other Enlightenment thinkers, he was
passionately committed to individual freedom, but he attacked
rationalism and civilization as destroying, rather than liberating, the
,individual. He also called for a rigid division of gender roles,
believing women should be subordinate in social life. His ideals
greatly influenced the early romantic movement, which rebelled
against the culture of the Enlightenment in the late eighteenth
century. Rousseau was both one of the most influential voices of the
Enlightenment and, in his rejection of rationalism and social
discourse, a harbinger of reaction against Enlightenment ideas.
◉ Constitution is influenced by the Enlightenment.
Answer: (Separation of powers) embodies Montesquieu's principles
by separating the legislative, executive, and judicial power, placing
each into the hands of different political actors.
◉ Bill of Rights influenced by Enlightenment.
Answer: · The First Amendment gives us a definitive declaration for
the protection of natural rights. Protections of individual conscience
as well as protections for democratic participation (John Lock
ideology).
· The Second Amendment, which also embodies Lockean ideas,
permits the possession of arms for the "security of a free State."14 In
this Amendment, the right to rebellion is established.
· Due process says all citizens are subject to fair and equitable
treatment.
, · The Fourth - Eighth Amendments serve to both limit the power
government has over us and lay out procedures which must be
followed when dealing with us.
· The Ninth Amendment makes it clear that the list of rights
protected in the first eight Amendments is not exhaustive and that
we, the people, can assert additional natural rights when we see fit
(at least in theory.)
· The Tenth Amendment makes clear that powers not specifically
granted to the federal government are retained by the states and the
people (these last two are Lockean ideals)
◉ Declaration of Independence influenced by Enlightenment.
Answer: Locke maintains that society is a rational but voluntary
expression. Government, which serves to regulate the terms of the
social contact on which society is created, serves to protect our
natural rights and serve as a democratic conduit for our interests.
Most important of our natural rights are liberty and property.
◉ National Government under the Articles of Confederation.
Answer: unicameral congress, or one chamber known as the
Confederation Congress. no executive or judicial branch. Functions
in order to make sure that the national government did not have too
STRUCTURES ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Natural Rights.
Answer: the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include
the right to life, liberty, and property
◉ State of Nature.
Answer: A theory on how people might have lived before societies
came into existence. is a condition in which all of us live individually
and solitarily, prior to the existence of society. We are physically and
mentally capable of achieving our own survival.
◉ Montesquieu (1689-1755).
Answer: contribution in The Spirit of the Laws (1748) regards the
structure of political institutions. He argues for a separation of
powers: legislative, executive, and judicial. Each will serve as a check
on the power of the other, limiting the harm each might do.
separates power to offset the power of different social interests:
ordinary people, the aristocracy, and the monarch.
◉ Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679):.
,Answer: One of the first individuals to contribute to the idea of the
social contract was a pre-Enlightenment English philosopher.
Hobbes argues that society is not something natural and immutable,
but rather it is something created by us. We do this to resolve
problems we collectively face, to make our lives better. State of
Nature: it's "a war of all against all." Basically, the state of nature is a
pretty nasty place where lives are perpetually insecure.
◉ John Locke (1632-1704).
Answer: we are autonomous individuals, capable of using reason,
and are driven to advance our personal interests. Our primary
interest is survival, which we want to make secure and comfortable.
To achieve this security and comfort, we acquire property. Two
Treatises of Government, disagrees, saying the state of nature is a
relatively decent place. All its inhabitants are rational people,
mindful of the basic law of nature to not harm another, and people
will get along okay. But our relationship in the state of nature is
"inconvenient," implying an incentive for us to devise a better, more
convenient arrangement.
◉ Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778).
Answer: A French man who believed that humans are naturally good
and free and can rely on their instincts. He also advocated a
democracy because he believed the government should exist to
protect common good. Like other Enlightenment thinkers, he was
passionately committed to individual freedom, but he attacked
rationalism and civilization as destroying, rather than liberating, the
,individual. He also called for a rigid division of gender roles,
believing women should be subordinate in social life. His ideals
greatly influenced the early romantic movement, which rebelled
against the culture of the Enlightenment in the late eighteenth
century. Rousseau was both one of the most influential voices of the
Enlightenment and, in his rejection of rationalism and social
discourse, a harbinger of reaction against Enlightenment ideas.
◉ Constitution is influenced by the Enlightenment.
Answer: (Separation of powers) embodies Montesquieu's principles
by separating the legislative, executive, and judicial power, placing
each into the hands of different political actors.
◉ Bill of Rights influenced by Enlightenment.
Answer: · The First Amendment gives us a definitive declaration for
the protection of natural rights. Protections of individual conscience
as well as protections for democratic participation (John Lock
ideology).
· The Second Amendment, which also embodies Lockean ideas,
permits the possession of arms for the "security of a free State."14 In
this Amendment, the right to rebellion is established.
· Due process says all citizens are subject to fair and equitable
treatment.
, · The Fourth - Eighth Amendments serve to both limit the power
government has over us and lay out procedures which must be
followed when dealing with us.
· The Ninth Amendment makes it clear that the list of rights
protected in the first eight Amendments is not exhaustive and that
we, the people, can assert additional natural rights when we see fit
(at least in theory.)
· The Tenth Amendment makes clear that powers not specifically
granted to the federal government are retained by the states and the
people (these last two are Lockean ideals)
◉ Declaration of Independence influenced by Enlightenment.
Answer: Locke maintains that society is a rational but voluntary
expression. Government, which serves to regulate the terms of the
social contact on which society is created, serves to protect our
natural rights and serve as a democratic conduit for our interests.
Most important of our natural rights are liberty and property.
◉ National Government under the Articles of Confederation.
Answer: unicameral congress, or one chamber known as the
Confederation Congress. no executive or judicial branch. Functions
in order to make sure that the national government did not have too
