BKAT Study Guide Questions with Verified
Correct Answers
What to do first if patient has chest pain.
Rest!
ECG changes in an acute MI
ST elevation in 2 or more contiguous leads. Ischemia d/t full thickness loss of muscle.
EMERGENCY.
Inferior leads
II, III, aVF. RCA occlusion.
Septal leads
V1 & V2.
Anterior leads
V1 - V4. LAD lesion.
Lateral leads
V5, V6, I, and aVL. Circumflex lesion.
Cardiac enzymes
Troponins, CK-MB, and CK
Changes in CK
Rise: 3-6 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 3-4 days
,Changes in CK-MB
Released after myocardial necrosis. Specific for myocardial damage.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 2-3 days
Troponin I
Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 5-10 days
Troponin T
Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 12-48 hours
Normal: 5-14 days
Common conditions that cause a murmur
Aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve regurgitation (both
acute & chronic), mitral valve stenosis
Drugs to decrease afterload/SVR/PVR
(Arterial Dilators) Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca channel
blockers
Drugs to increased afterload/SVR/PVR
, (Vasopressors) Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, neosynephrine
Drugs to decrease contractility/SVI
Beta blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca channel blockers
Drugs to increase contractility/SVI
Positive inotropes, dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and digoxin
Drugs to decrease preload/CVP/PAWP
Venous Dilators - Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, amrinone, alpha & Ca channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide, bumex, mannitol
Drugs to increase preload/CVP/PAWP
Volume - Colloid, crystalloids, blood, hetastarch
Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
Complications when using thrombolytics
Allergic reaction, bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
Failure to capture
Pacer delivers a stimulus at the appropriate time but no depolarization occurs. No P or QRS
wave after pacer spike.
Failure to fire/pace
No pacer spikes seen
Failure to sense
Pacemaker does not detects heart's intrinsic activity or interprets noncardiac activity as
intrinsic activity. Spikes in inappropriate times.
Correct Answers
What to do first if patient has chest pain.
Rest!
ECG changes in an acute MI
ST elevation in 2 or more contiguous leads. Ischemia d/t full thickness loss of muscle.
EMERGENCY.
Inferior leads
II, III, aVF. RCA occlusion.
Septal leads
V1 & V2.
Anterior leads
V1 - V4. LAD lesion.
Lateral leads
V5, V6, I, and aVL. Circumflex lesion.
Cardiac enzymes
Troponins, CK-MB, and CK
Changes in CK
Rise: 3-6 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 3-4 days
,Changes in CK-MB
Released after myocardial necrosis. Specific for myocardial damage.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 2-3 days
Troponin I
Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 24 hours
Normal: 5-10 days
Troponin T
Protein found in cardiac muscle. High sensitivity.
Rise: 3-12 hours
Peak: 12-48 hours
Normal: 5-14 days
Common conditions that cause a murmur
Aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation (both acute & chronic), mitral valve regurgitation (both
acute & chronic), mitral valve stenosis
Drugs to decrease afterload/SVR/PVR
(Arterial Dilators) Nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, amrinone, alpha (Regitine) & Ca channel
blockers
Drugs to increased afterload/SVR/PVR
, (Vasopressors) Epinepherine, norepinepherine, dopamine, neosynephrine
Drugs to decrease contractility/SVI
Beta blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, labetolol, esmolol) and Ca channel blockers
Drugs to increase contractility/SVI
Positive inotropes, dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and digoxin
Drugs to decrease preload/CVP/PAWP
Venous Dilators - Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, amrinone, alpha & Ca channel blockers
Diuretics - Furosemide, bumex, mannitol
Drugs to increase preload/CVP/PAWP
Volume - Colloid, crystalloids, blood, hetastarch
Dysrhythmia control - antirhythmics, pacemaker, AICD
Complications when using thrombolytics
Allergic reaction, bleeding/hemorrhage, stroke
Failure to capture
Pacer delivers a stimulus at the appropriate time but no depolarization occurs. No P or QRS
wave after pacer spike.
Failure to fire/pace
No pacer spikes seen
Failure to sense
Pacemaker does not detects heart's intrinsic activity or interprets noncardiac activity as
intrinsic activity. Spikes in inappropriate times.
