NR 442 EXAM 1 LEARNING WORKBOOK 2026
EPIDEMIOLOGY HEALTH PROMOTION AND
DISEASE PREVENTION
◉ Public Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice.
Answer: - Community
- Individual
- System
◉ System/group Level of Practice Example.
Answer: community health nurse working with the state health
department and federal vaccine program to coordinate a response to
an outbreak of measles in a migrant population.
◉ Community/Population Level of Practice Example.
Answer: public health nurses working with area high schools to give
each student a profile of his or her health to promote nutritional and
physical activity lifestyle changes to improve the student's health.
◉ Individual Level of Practice Example.
Answer: nurse receives a referral to care for an individual with a
diagnosed mental illness who would require regular monitoring of
his medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization
,◉ Core Functions of Public Health.
Answer: - assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
◉ Primary Prevention.
Answer: - prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
◉ Secondary Prevention.
Answer: - early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
◉ Tertiary Prevention.
Answer: - correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease
state
- teaching insulin administration at home
◉ What is the main focus of Public Health?.
Answer: PREVENTION
,◉ What is the main focus of Medicine?.
Answer: disease management and diagnosis
◉ Childhood Obesity.
Answer: - focus on a healthier lifestyle
- reduce the rate the childhood obesity
- education
◉ What causes more than half of Premature Deaths?.
Answer: behavior and environment reasons
◉ What has the greatest influence on Community Health?.
Answer: behavioral choices
◉ What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle?.
Answer: - agent
- host
- environment
◉ Epidemiology Triangle.
, Answer: - depends on the extent of the host's exposure to an agent,
the strength or virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or
immunological susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time
of exposure
◉ Web of Causation.
Answer: illustrates the complexity of relationships among causal
variables
◉ Incidence Rate.
Answer: describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or
condition in a community over a period of time relative to the size of
the population at risk for that disease or condition during that same
time period.
◉ Prevalence Rate.
Answer: the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in
a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the
same point in time
◉ Endemic.
Answer: Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds
and pneumonia)
EPIDEMIOLOGY HEALTH PROMOTION AND
DISEASE PREVENTION
◉ Public Health Intervention Wheel: Levels of Practice.
Answer: - Community
- Individual
- System
◉ System/group Level of Practice Example.
Answer: community health nurse working with the state health
department and federal vaccine program to coordinate a response to
an outbreak of measles in a migrant population.
◉ Community/Population Level of Practice Example.
Answer: public health nurses working with area high schools to give
each student a profile of his or her health to promote nutritional and
physical activity lifestyle changes to improve the student's health.
◉ Individual Level of Practice Example.
Answer: nurse receives a referral to care for an individual with a
diagnosed mental illness who would require regular monitoring of
his medication compliance to prevent rehospitalization
,◉ Core Functions of Public Health.
Answer: - assessment
- policy development
- assurance of availability
◉ Primary Prevention.
Answer: - prevention of problem before it occurs
- immunization
◉ Secondary Prevention.
Answer: - early detection and intervention
- screening for an STD
- for diseases that can be controlled
◉ Tertiary Prevention.
Answer: - correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease
state
- teaching insulin administration at home
◉ What is the main focus of Public Health?.
Answer: PREVENTION
,◉ What is the main focus of Medicine?.
Answer: disease management and diagnosis
◉ Childhood Obesity.
Answer: - focus on a healthier lifestyle
- reduce the rate the childhood obesity
- education
◉ What causes more than half of Premature Deaths?.
Answer: behavior and environment reasons
◉ What has the greatest influence on Community Health?.
Answer: behavioral choices
◉ What are the 3 elements of the Epidemiology Triangle?.
Answer: - agent
- host
- environment
◉ Epidemiology Triangle.
, Answer: - depends on the extent of the host's exposure to an agent,
the strength or virulence of the agent, and the host's genetic or
immunological susceptibility.
- also depends on the environmental conditions existing at the time
of exposure
◉ Web of Causation.
Answer: illustrates the complexity of relationships among causal
variables
◉ Incidence Rate.
Answer: describe the occurrence of new cases of a disease or
condition in a community over a period of time relative to the size of
the population at risk for that disease or condition during that same
time period.
◉ Prevalence Rate.
Answer: the number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in
a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the
same point in time
◉ Endemic.
Answer: Diseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds
and pneumonia)
