MMSC 491 EXAM WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS /PASS GUIDE
1. 2 basic classes of hybridization assay - ANSWER-Sanger and
Next Gen
2. 3 poly A tail - ANSWER-series of adenine residues added after
the cleavage by poly-A polymerase; protects from degradation
methylated cap
3. 3' Functional Group - ANSWER-hydroxyl group
4. 5 cap - ANSWER-The 5' end of a pre-mRNA molecule modified
by the addition of a cap of guanine nucleotide
start
5. 5' Functional Group - ANSWER-phosphate group
6. allele - ANSWER-individual versions of a gene or DNA
sequence at a locus on a single chromosome, often used to
describe genetic variants at the protein level
7. amino acid - ANSWER-the fundamental repeating unit of a
polypeptide, a building block for a protein
8. amino terminus (N-terminus) - ANSWER-the "beginning" of an
amino acid chain, contains NH2 group
signal peptide, pre protein
allow it through the membrane
,9. Anaphase - ANSWER-chromatids move apart to opposite poles
10. aneuploid - ANSWER-a chromosome constitution with
one or more chromosomes extra or missing form a full euploid
set
11. autosomes - ANSWER-body cells, non sex
cells/chromosomes
12. BER - ANSWER-Base Excision repair, corrects DNA that
contains a damaged base by removing that base and replacing
it with a functional one
corrects lesions that do not significantly distort the double
helix
base modification, single base deletion
13. bonds in base pairing - ANSWER-A-T 2 H bonds
G-C 3 H bonds
14. Bonds joining DNA/RNA building blocks - ANSWER-
hydrogen bonds between nucleotides
phosphodiester holding 5' carbon to 3' carbon sugar on
opposing strands
15. box 4.1 on 90-91 summarize consequence, link disease to
defect - ANSWER-
16. Building Blocks of DNA - ANSWER-Deoxyribose (5-carbon
sugar), Phosphate group, and a Nitrogenous base
17. Building blocks of RNA - ANSWER-Ribose sugar,
phosphate group, nitrogen base
, 18. carboxy terminus - ANSWER-c terminus with a carboxyl
group
19. cDNA - ANSWER-DNA synthesized by the enzyme reverse
transcriptase using RNA as a template
20. centromere - ANSWER-specific DNA sequence at the
midsection of the chromosome
bound by kinetochore during DNA segregation
needed for proper segregation of chromosomes during
division
separates short from long arms
point of attachment for spindle fibers to pull chromatids apart
21. chomatin - ANSWER-nucleoprotein material of a
chromosome
protein-DNA complex
22. chromosome - ANSWER-DNA is coiled within a nucleus,
wrapped around histone complexes to form nucleosomes, and
further coiled to form the chromosome
23. chromosome segregation and recombination errors -
ANSWER-altered number of chromosomes
24. cleavage and transport in post translational processing -
ANSWER-chemical modification, protein folding, cleavage,
transport, and joining of polypeptide chains
SOLUTIONS /PASS GUIDE
1. 2 basic classes of hybridization assay - ANSWER-Sanger and
Next Gen
2. 3 poly A tail - ANSWER-series of adenine residues added after
the cleavage by poly-A polymerase; protects from degradation
methylated cap
3. 3' Functional Group - ANSWER-hydroxyl group
4. 5 cap - ANSWER-The 5' end of a pre-mRNA molecule modified
by the addition of a cap of guanine nucleotide
start
5. 5' Functional Group - ANSWER-phosphate group
6. allele - ANSWER-individual versions of a gene or DNA
sequence at a locus on a single chromosome, often used to
describe genetic variants at the protein level
7. amino acid - ANSWER-the fundamental repeating unit of a
polypeptide, a building block for a protein
8. amino terminus (N-terminus) - ANSWER-the "beginning" of an
amino acid chain, contains NH2 group
signal peptide, pre protein
allow it through the membrane
,9. Anaphase - ANSWER-chromatids move apart to opposite poles
10. aneuploid - ANSWER-a chromosome constitution with
one or more chromosomes extra or missing form a full euploid
set
11. autosomes - ANSWER-body cells, non sex
cells/chromosomes
12. BER - ANSWER-Base Excision repair, corrects DNA that
contains a damaged base by removing that base and replacing
it with a functional one
corrects lesions that do not significantly distort the double
helix
base modification, single base deletion
13. bonds in base pairing - ANSWER-A-T 2 H bonds
G-C 3 H bonds
14. Bonds joining DNA/RNA building blocks - ANSWER-
hydrogen bonds between nucleotides
phosphodiester holding 5' carbon to 3' carbon sugar on
opposing strands
15. box 4.1 on 90-91 summarize consequence, link disease to
defect - ANSWER-
16. Building Blocks of DNA - ANSWER-Deoxyribose (5-carbon
sugar), Phosphate group, and a Nitrogenous base
17. Building blocks of RNA - ANSWER-Ribose sugar,
phosphate group, nitrogen base
, 18. carboxy terminus - ANSWER-c terminus with a carboxyl
group
19. cDNA - ANSWER-DNA synthesized by the enzyme reverse
transcriptase using RNA as a template
20. centromere - ANSWER-specific DNA sequence at the
midsection of the chromosome
bound by kinetochore during DNA segregation
needed for proper segregation of chromosomes during
division
separates short from long arms
point of attachment for spindle fibers to pull chromatids apart
21. chomatin - ANSWER-nucleoprotein material of a
chromosome
protein-DNA complex
22. chromosome - ANSWER-DNA is coiled within a nucleus,
wrapped around histone complexes to form nucleosomes, and
further coiled to form the chromosome
23. chromosome segregation and recombination errors -
ANSWER-altered number of chromosomes
24. cleavage and transport in post translational processing -
ANSWER-chemical modification, protein folding, cleavage,
transport, and joining of polypeptide chains
