NSG 3850 Exam 4
Galen College of Nursing
Actual Exam Questions and Answers Practice Questions
A+ GRADED
Welcome to NSG 3850 Exam 4 Practice Examination. This comprehensive test bank covers
essential concepts in hepatic and endocrine disorders including cirrhosis complications,
hepatitis, Wilson's disease, steatohepatitis, and endocrine physiology. The exam consists of 250
multiple-choice questions designed to assess your understanding of pathophysiology, clinical
manifestations, diagnostic procedures, and nursing interventions for hepatic and endocrine
conditions. Each question includes the correct answer and a brief rationale to enhance your
learning experience and prepare you for success on the actual examination.
Domains Covered:
1. Hepatic Disorders - Cirrhosis and Complications (Questions 1-40)
2. Esophageal Varices - Pathophysiology and Management (Questions 41-65)
3. Hepatic Encephalopathy - Pathophysiology and Management (Questions 66-90)
4. Cerebral Edema and Mannitol Therapy (Questions 91-105)
5. Hepatitis - Types and Autoimmune Hepatitis (Questions 106-140)
6. Wilson's Disease - Pathophysiology and Management (Questions 141-165)
7. Steatohepatitis - Pathophysiology and Management (Questions 166-190)
8. Endocrine System - Steroid Hormones and Lipid-Soluble Hormones (Questions 191-220)
9. Endocrine Disorders - Primary vs Secondary Disorders (Questions 221-250)
QUESTION 1
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia.
The expected diagnosis is:
A) Ascites
B) Cerebral edema
C) Hepatic encephalopathy
D) Gastroesophageal varices
Answer: D) Gastroesophageal varices
Rationale: Patients with a history of alcoholism often develop portal hypertension leading
to gastroesophageal varices. Hematemesis (vomiting blood) and profound anemia are
,classic presentations of bleeding esophageal varices, a life-threatening complication of
cirrhosis.
QUESTION 2
A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to
receive a continuous intravenous infusion of:
A) Glucose
B) Octreotide acetate
C) Anticoagulants
D) Proton pump inhibitors
Answer: B) Octreotide acetate
Rationale: Octreotide acetate is a synthetic analog of somatostatin that reduces portal
blood pressure and splanchnic blood flow, making it effective in controlling bleeding from
esophageal varices. It is administered as a continuous IV infusion.
QUESTION 3
A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n)
______ diet.
A) Low-protein
B) High-protein
C) High-sodium
D) Unrestricted
Answer: A) Low-protein
Rationale: Hepatic encephalopathy is treated with a low-protein diet to reduce the
production of ammonia, which is a byproduct of protein metabolism. Ammonia is normally
metabolized by the liver, but in liver failure, it accumulates and causes neurological
symptoms.
QUESTION 4
An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat:
A) Varices
B) Encephalopathy
,C) Peritonitis
D) Cerebral edema
Answer: D) Cerebral edema
Rationale: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure in patients
with cerebral edema. It draws fluid from brain tissue into the vascular space, reducing
cerebral swelling.
QUESTION 5
Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is:
A) Hepatitis D
B) Autoimmune hepatitis
C) Hepatitis A
D) Hepatitis B
Answer: B) Autoimmune hepatitis
Rationale: Autoimmune hepatitis is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies,
including antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA), and
elevated immunoglobulins (especially IgG). It is a chronic inflammatory liver disease of
unknown cause.
QUESTION 6
______ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of
copper accumulate in the liver.
A) Kayser-Fleischer
B) Wilson
C) Reye
D) Byler
Answer: B) Wilson
Rationale: Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by
defective copper transport, leading to accumulation of copper in the liver, brain, kidneys,
and cornea. Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper deposits in the cornea) are a classic finding.
, QUESTION 7
Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of:
A) Fat
B) Bile
C) Acetaminophen
D) Ferritin
Answer: A) Fat
Rationale: Steatohepatitis is liver inflammation caused by the accumulation of fat
(steatosis) in the liver. It can be alcoholic or non-alcoholic (NASH) and may progress to
cirrhosis if left untreated.
QUESTION 8
Which statement is true about steroid hormones?
A) Transported in a free state in the bloodstream
B) Bound to receptors on the plasma membranes of target cells
C) Diffused through cell membranes to activate intracellular receptors
D) Activated by second-messenger cascades within the target cells
Answer: C) Diffused through cell membranes to activate intracellular receptors
Rationale: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can diffuse through the cell membrane
to bind to intracellular receptors (cytoplasmic or nuclear). This hormone-receptor complex
then acts as a transcription factor to regulate gene expression.
QUESTION 9
An example of a lipid-soluble hormone is:
A) Catecholamine
B) Thyroid hormone
C) Peptide hormone
D) Pituitary hormone
Answer: B) Thyroid hormone
Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are lipid-soluble hormones derived from tyrosine
and iodine. They can cross cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors to exert
their effects on metabolism and development.
Galen College of Nursing
Actual Exam Questions and Answers Practice Questions
A+ GRADED
Welcome to NSG 3850 Exam 4 Practice Examination. This comprehensive test bank covers
essential concepts in hepatic and endocrine disorders including cirrhosis complications,
hepatitis, Wilson's disease, steatohepatitis, and endocrine physiology. The exam consists of 250
multiple-choice questions designed to assess your understanding of pathophysiology, clinical
manifestations, diagnostic procedures, and nursing interventions for hepatic and endocrine
conditions. Each question includes the correct answer and a brief rationale to enhance your
learning experience and prepare you for success on the actual examination.
Domains Covered:
1. Hepatic Disorders - Cirrhosis and Complications (Questions 1-40)
2. Esophageal Varices - Pathophysiology and Management (Questions 41-65)
3. Hepatic Encephalopathy - Pathophysiology and Management (Questions 66-90)
4. Cerebral Edema and Mannitol Therapy (Questions 91-105)
5. Hepatitis - Types and Autoimmune Hepatitis (Questions 106-140)
6. Wilson's Disease - Pathophysiology and Management (Questions 141-165)
7. Steatohepatitis - Pathophysiology and Management (Questions 166-190)
8. Endocrine System - Steroid Hormones and Lipid-Soluble Hormones (Questions 191-220)
9. Endocrine Disorders - Primary vs Secondary Disorders (Questions 221-250)
QUESTION 1
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia.
The expected diagnosis is:
A) Ascites
B) Cerebral edema
C) Hepatic encephalopathy
D) Gastroesophageal varices
Answer: D) Gastroesophageal varices
Rationale: Patients with a history of alcoholism often develop portal hypertension leading
to gastroesophageal varices. Hematemesis (vomiting blood) and profound anemia are
,classic presentations of bleeding esophageal varices, a life-threatening complication of
cirrhosis.
QUESTION 2
A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to
receive a continuous intravenous infusion of:
A) Glucose
B) Octreotide acetate
C) Anticoagulants
D) Proton pump inhibitors
Answer: B) Octreotide acetate
Rationale: Octreotide acetate is a synthetic analog of somatostatin that reduces portal
blood pressure and splanchnic blood flow, making it effective in controlling bleeding from
esophageal varices. It is administered as a continuous IV infusion.
QUESTION 3
A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n)
______ diet.
A) Low-protein
B) High-protein
C) High-sodium
D) Unrestricted
Answer: A) Low-protein
Rationale: Hepatic encephalopathy is treated with a low-protein diet to reduce the
production of ammonia, which is a byproduct of protein metabolism. Ammonia is normally
metabolized by the liver, but in liver failure, it accumulates and causes neurological
symptoms.
QUESTION 4
An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat:
A) Varices
B) Encephalopathy
,C) Peritonitis
D) Cerebral edema
Answer: D) Cerebral edema
Rationale: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure in patients
with cerebral edema. It draws fluid from brain tissue into the vascular space, reducing
cerebral swelling.
QUESTION 5
Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is:
A) Hepatitis D
B) Autoimmune hepatitis
C) Hepatitis A
D) Hepatitis B
Answer: B) Autoimmune hepatitis
Rationale: Autoimmune hepatitis is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies,
including antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA), and
elevated immunoglobulins (especially IgG). It is a chronic inflammatory liver disease of
unknown cause.
QUESTION 6
______ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of
copper accumulate in the liver.
A) Kayser-Fleischer
B) Wilson
C) Reye
D) Byler
Answer: B) Wilson
Rationale: Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by
defective copper transport, leading to accumulation of copper in the liver, brain, kidneys,
and cornea. Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper deposits in the cornea) are a classic finding.
, QUESTION 7
Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of:
A) Fat
B) Bile
C) Acetaminophen
D) Ferritin
Answer: A) Fat
Rationale: Steatohepatitis is liver inflammation caused by the accumulation of fat
(steatosis) in the liver. It can be alcoholic or non-alcoholic (NASH) and may progress to
cirrhosis if left untreated.
QUESTION 8
Which statement is true about steroid hormones?
A) Transported in a free state in the bloodstream
B) Bound to receptors on the plasma membranes of target cells
C) Diffused through cell membranes to activate intracellular receptors
D) Activated by second-messenger cascades within the target cells
Answer: C) Diffused through cell membranes to activate intracellular receptors
Rationale: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can diffuse through the cell membrane
to bind to intracellular receptors (cytoplasmic or nuclear). This hormone-receptor complex
then acts as a transcription factor to regulate gene expression.
QUESTION 9
An example of a lipid-soluble hormone is:
A) Catecholamine
B) Thyroid hormone
C) Peptide hormone
D) Pituitary hormone
Answer: B) Thyroid hormone
Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are lipid-soluble hormones derived from tyrosine
and iodine. They can cross cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors to exert
their effects on metabolism and development.
