NSG 3850 Exam 3
Galen College Of Nursing
NEW Practice Questions, Answers & Detailed Solutions
Comprehensive Exam Prep 2026/2027
Graded A+
Welcome to the NSG 3850 Exam 3 Practice Test Bank for Galen College of Nursing. This
comprehensive examination focuses on the essential concepts of Renal and Urinary System
Disorders, covering key topics including Upper and Lower Urinary Tract Obstructions,
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones), Pyelonephritis, Glomerular Disorders (Glomerulonephritis and
Nephrotic Syndrome), and Renal Failure. The exam also covers related pathophysiology,
clinical manifestations, risk factors, and nursing interventions. Each question includes the correct
answer and a short rationale to facilitate effective learning and self-assessment. Use this test
bank to prepare thoroughly for your exam.
1. The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is:
a. kidney stone formation.
b. hydronephrosis.
c. dilation of the urethra.
d. anuria.
Answer: b. hydronephrosis
Rationale: An obstruction in the ureter causes urine to back up into the kidney, leading to
hydronephrosis (dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces). Anuria occurs with bilateral
obstruction.
,2. A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is:
a. positive family history.
b. dehydration.
c. smoking.
d. drinking alcohol.
Answer: b. dehydration
Rationale: Dehydration leads to concentrated urine, which promotes stone formation.
Family history is non-modifiable.
3. In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is:
a. urinary retention and reflux.
b. nephrotic syndrome.
c. respiratory disease.
d. glomerulonephritis.
Answer: a. urinary retention and reflux.
Rationale: Urinary retention and vesicoureteral reflux allow bacteria to ascend from the
bladder to the kidneys.
4. Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of - in the urine.
a. blood
b. sodium
c. glucose
d. protein
Answer: d. protein
,Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/day) due
to increased glomerular permeability.
5. One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is:
a. clot.
b. pelvic tumor.
c. neurogenic bladder.
d. papillary necrosis.
Answer: b. pelvic tumor.
Rationale: A pelvic tumor can compress the ureters externally, causing extrinsic obstruction.
Clot is intrinsic.
6. Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because:
a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.
b. lipids are not excreted in the urine.
c. body fats are catabolized.
d. muscles stop burning triglycerides for energy.
Answer: a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.
Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, the liver compensates for protein loss by increasing
lipoprotein synthesis, leading to hyperlipidemia.
7. The urea-splitting bacteria contribute to the formation of kidney stones.
a. struvite
b. calcium oxalate
, c. uric acid
d. cystine
Answer: a. struvite
Rationale: Urea-splitting bacteria (e.g., Proteus) produce ammonia, making urine alkaline
and promoting struvite stone formation.
8. The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone in the ureter is:
a. oliguria.
b. renal colic.
c. urge incontinence.
d. an abdominal mass.
Answer: b. renal colic.
Rationale: Renal colic is severe flank pain caused by stretching of the ureter as the stone
passes.
9. Glomerular disorders include:
a. pyelonephritis.
b. obstructive uropathy.
c. interstitial cystitis.
d. nephrotic syndrome.
Answer: d. Nephrotic syndrome
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is a glomerular disorder. Pyelonephritis is tubulointerstitial;
obstructive uropathy is mechanical.
Galen College Of Nursing
NEW Practice Questions, Answers & Detailed Solutions
Comprehensive Exam Prep 2026/2027
Graded A+
Welcome to the NSG 3850 Exam 3 Practice Test Bank for Galen College of Nursing. This
comprehensive examination focuses on the essential concepts of Renal and Urinary System
Disorders, covering key topics including Upper and Lower Urinary Tract Obstructions,
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones), Pyelonephritis, Glomerular Disorders (Glomerulonephritis and
Nephrotic Syndrome), and Renal Failure. The exam also covers related pathophysiology,
clinical manifestations, risk factors, and nursing interventions. Each question includes the correct
answer and a short rationale to facilitate effective learning and self-assessment. Use this test
bank to prepare thoroughly for your exam.
1. The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is:
a. kidney stone formation.
b. hydronephrosis.
c. dilation of the urethra.
d. anuria.
Answer: b. hydronephrosis
Rationale: An obstruction in the ureter causes urine to back up into the kidney, leading to
hydronephrosis (dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces). Anuria occurs with bilateral
obstruction.
,2. A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is:
a. positive family history.
b. dehydration.
c. smoking.
d. drinking alcohol.
Answer: b. dehydration
Rationale: Dehydration leads to concentrated urine, which promotes stone formation.
Family history is non-modifiable.
3. In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is:
a. urinary retention and reflux.
b. nephrotic syndrome.
c. respiratory disease.
d. glomerulonephritis.
Answer: a. urinary retention and reflux.
Rationale: Urinary retention and vesicoureteral reflux allow bacteria to ascend from the
bladder to the kidneys.
4. Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of - in the urine.
a. blood
b. sodium
c. glucose
d. protein
Answer: d. protein
,Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/day) due
to increased glomerular permeability.
5. One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is:
a. clot.
b. pelvic tumor.
c. neurogenic bladder.
d. papillary necrosis.
Answer: b. pelvic tumor.
Rationale: A pelvic tumor can compress the ureters externally, causing extrinsic obstruction.
Clot is intrinsic.
6. Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because:
a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.
b. lipids are not excreted in the urine.
c. body fats are catabolized.
d. muscles stop burning triglycerides for energy.
Answer: a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids.
Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, the liver compensates for protein loss by increasing
lipoprotein synthesis, leading to hyperlipidemia.
7. The urea-splitting bacteria contribute to the formation of kidney stones.
a. struvite
b. calcium oxalate
, c. uric acid
d. cystine
Answer: a. struvite
Rationale: Urea-splitting bacteria (e.g., Proteus) produce ammonia, making urine alkaline
and promoting struvite stone formation.
8. The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone in the ureter is:
a. oliguria.
b. renal colic.
c. urge incontinence.
d. an abdominal mass.
Answer: b. renal colic.
Rationale: Renal colic is severe flank pain caused by stretching of the ureter as the stone
passes.
9. Glomerular disorders include:
a. pyelonephritis.
b. obstructive uropathy.
c. interstitial cystitis.
d. nephrotic syndrome.
Answer: d. Nephrotic syndrome
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is a glomerular disorder. Pyelonephritis is tubulointerstitial;
obstructive uropathy is mechanical.
