NSG 250 EXAM 1 | UB NSG 250 EXAM 1 | COMPREHENSIVE NURSING
STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
Freud - ANS ✔✔psychoanalytic theory/ psychosexual
oral: birth to 1 year
anal: 1-3 years
phallic: 3-5 years
latency: 5 years- puberty
genital: puberty to adult
EX: babies using mouthing behaviors for self gratification
Freud 3 personality components - ANS ✔✔ID- dealing with impulses that motivate one to seek pleasure/
avoid pain
SUPEREGO- triggers guilt when norms are violated
EGO- reconciles id demands with superego prohibitions, success in social environments
Gesell - ANS ✔✔maturational/ biological theory
children go through the same stages of development at the same sequence
growth has a biological basis
normative trends for: motor, cognitive, language, personal/social
EX: children follow a predictive development progression
Erikson - ANS ✔✔Psychosocial Development Theory
8 stages over lifespan- every stage has a challenge
People must achieve before moving to next phase
Outcomes depend on personality strengths/ weakness
EX: infants develop normally if they resolve conflict of trust toward parents
Piaget - ANS ✔✔cognitive development theory
babies are born with primitive reflexes
builds on and personalizes experiences
when kids can't explore, they learn what they are told: no personalization
universal constructivist
EX: babies are free to learn by exploration/play
Adaptation - ANS ✔✔individuals adapt to new situations by assimilating and accommodating (Piaget)
Vygotsky - ANS ✔✔physiologic/ language theory
coo,baba,first word
social context of reinforcement
scaffolding-getting information/learning from others
kids get to proximal development through guided participation
EX: children learn best when they can play under the guidance of adult
, Maslow - ANS ✔✔self-actualization is the goal
individual has unique needs that change over time
Schaie - ANS ✔✔life span model of cognitive development
acquisition period- achieving period- social responsibility- executive period- reorganization period-
reintegration period- legacy period
EX: individuals have a legacy period and pass wisdom to youth
Brofenbrenner - ANS ✔✔bioecological theory
individual is the center of circle
everything influences/affects individual center circle
-mircosystem
-mesosystem
-exosystem
-marcosystem
EX: children influenced by friends/family
Skinner - ANS ✔✔operant conditioning
consequences of behavior increase/decrease the chance that it will happen again
EX: children learn good behavior by receiving positive reinforcement from parents
Pavlov - ANS ✔✔classical conditioning
pairs a stimuli to a response
Bandura - ANS ✔✔social cognitive theory
behavior is shaped by what we observe from others
EX: if children grow in violent homes, they will exhibit that behavior when confronted with an issue
Biologic theory - ANS ✔✔evoultion-darwin
attachment theories
Human genome
Developmental neuroscience
Gessel
Psycho-dynamic Theory - ANS ✔✔psychosexual-freud
psychosocial-erikson
Behavorial Theory - ANS ✔✔Classic conditioning- pavlov
operant conditioning-skinner
social learning theory-bandura
Cognitive Theory - ANS ✔✔cognitive(adaptation)-piaget
social-cognivite-vygotsky
Systems view: multiple systems - ANS ✔✔bio-ecological-bronfenbrenner
cephalocaudal - ANS ✔✔Trend head to toe
STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026/2027
Freud - ANS ✔✔psychoanalytic theory/ psychosexual
oral: birth to 1 year
anal: 1-3 years
phallic: 3-5 years
latency: 5 years- puberty
genital: puberty to adult
EX: babies using mouthing behaviors for self gratification
Freud 3 personality components - ANS ✔✔ID- dealing with impulses that motivate one to seek pleasure/
avoid pain
SUPEREGO- triggers guilt when norms are violated
EGO- reconciles id demands with superego prohibitions, success in social environments
Gesell - ANS ✔✔maturational/ biological theory
children go through the same stages of development at the same sequence
growth has a biological basis
normative trends for: motor, cognitive, language, personal/social
EX: children follow a predictive development progression
Erikson - ANS ✔✔Psychosocial Development Theory
8 stages over lifespan- every stage has a challenge
People must achieve before moving to next phase
Outcomes depend on personality strengths/ weakness
EX: infants develop normally if they resolve conflict of trust toward parents
Piaget - ANS ✔✔cognitive development theory
babies are born with primitive reflexes
builds on and personalizes experiences
when kids can't explore, they learn what they are told: no personalization
universal constructivist
EX: babies are free to learn by exploration/play
Adaptation - ANS ✔✔individuals adapt to new situations by assimilating and accommodating (Piaget)
Vygotsky - ANS ✔✔physiologic/ language theory
coo,baba,first word
social context of reinforcement
scaffolding-getting information/learning from others
kids get to proximal development through guided participation
EX: children learn best when they can play under the guidance of adult
, Maslow - ANS ✔✔self-actualization is the goal
individual has unique needs that change over time
Schaie - ANS ✔✔life span model of cognitive development
acquisition period- achieving period- social responsibility- executive period- reorganization period-
reintegration period- legacy period
EX: individuals have a legacy period and pass wisdom to youth
Brofenbrenner - ANS ✔✔bioecological theory
individual is the center of circle
everything influences/affects individual center circle
-mircosystem
-mesosystem
-exosystem
-marcosystem
EX: children influenced by friends/family
Skinner - ANS ✔✔operant conditioning
consequences of behavior increase/decrease the chance that it will happen again
EX: children learn good behavior by receiving positive reinforcement from parents
Pavlov - ANS ✔✔classical conditioning
pairs a stimuli to a response
Bandura - ANS ✔✔social cognitive theory
behavior is shaped by what we observe from others
EX: if children grow in violent homes, they will exhibit that behavior when confronted with an issue
Biologic theory - ANS ✔✔evoultion-darwin
attachment theories
Human genome
Developmental neuroscience
Gessel
Psycho-dynamic Theory - ANS ✔✔psychosexual-freud
psychosocial-erikson
Behavorial Theory - ANS ✔✔Classic conditioning- pavlov
operant conditioning-skinner
social learning theory-bandura
Cognitive Theory - ANS ✔✔cognitive(adaptation)-piaget
social-cognivite-vygotsky
Systems view: multiple systems - ANS ✔✔bio-ecological-bronfenbrenner
cephalocaudal - ANS ✔✔Trend head to toe
