Nursing 120 Exam 2026/2027 | 150+ Questions & Correct Answers | Anatomy, Physiology, Tissues, Skin, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Blood & Heart

This Nursing 120 Exam 2026/2027 study guide contains 150+ questions and correct answers across 33 pages, providing a broad review of foundational human anatomy and physiology for nursing students. The document begins with anatomy versus physiology, the scientific method and the levels of structural organization from the chemical and cellular levels through tissues, organs, organ systems and the complete organism. It also reviews anatomical position and terminology, including superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, ventral/dorsal, medial/lateral, proximal/distal and superficial/deep relationships. Body planes, major body cavities, abdominopelvic quadrants and regions, axial and appendicular regions, homeostasis and the human microbiome are also included. A major section covers cells, tissues and the organization of the human body. Students review peroxisomes, proteasomes and microvilli before progressing to the four principal tissue categories: epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue is classified by cell shape and arrangement, including squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional, simple, stratified and pseudostratified forms. Connective-tissue material includes fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, reticular and dense fibrous tissue, compact and cancellous bone, cartilage and blood. The document then connects tissue structure with functions such as support, defense, transportation and rapid nervous-system communication. The guide provides an overview of the major human organ systems and their structures and functions. These include the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic/immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Students review major organs associated with each system and essential functions such as protection, movement, communication, hormone secretion, circulation, immunity, gas exchange, digestion, waste elimination, fluid and electrolyte balance and reproduction. Body membranes are also covered, including cutaneous, serous, mucous and connective-tissue membranes, as well as pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and synovial structures. The integumentary system section examines the epidermis, dermis, dermal-epidermal junction, papillary layer, hair, nails and sensory receptors. Students review lamellar and tactile corpuscles, eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and the arrector pili muscles. Key functions of the skin presented in the document include protection, temperature regulation, sensation, excretion and vitamin D synthesis. This section provides a useful foundation for understanding skin structure alongside thermoregulation and sensory function. The skeletal and muscular sections cover bone structure, skeletal divisions, joints, movement and muscle physiology. Students review long, short, flat and irregular bones; the diaphysis, medullary cavity, periosteum and endosteum; compact and cancellous bone; and the axial and appendicular skeletons. Major upper- and lower-extremity bones are identified, alongside synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic and diarthrotic joints. The muscular content distinguishes skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle, then reviews skeletal-muscle attachments, origin and insertion, tendons, motor units, neuromuscular junction concepts and twitch, tetanic, isotonic and isometric contractions. Another high-yield section focuses on the nervous system. The guide differentiates the central nervous system from the peripheral nervous system and reviews neurons, dendrites, axons, central glia, peripheral glia, Schwann cells, myelin and nodes of Ranvier. Students also encounter reflex arcs and nerve impulse conduction. Brain anatomy includes the brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon and cerebrum, with further review of the medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland. Functions emphasized include sensory and motor conduction, coordinated movement, balance, posture, autonomic regulation, consciousness and hormonal control. The endocrine section provides detailed review of hormones, endocrine glands and feedback mechanisms. Students distinguish steroid from non-steroid hormones and positive from negative feedback. The material covers the anterior and posterior pituitary and hormones including TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin, ADH and oxytocin. It also reviews the thyroid hormones T3, T4 and calcitonin; parathyroid hormone; adrenal cortex and medulla; aldosterone; cortisol; epinephrine; norepinephrine; pancreatic insulin and glucagon; ovarian and testicular hormones; thymosin; placental hormones; melatonin; ghrelin; leptin; and atrial natriuretic hormone. The final sections concentrate on blood, hematology and cardiovascular anatomy. Students review blood's transportation, regulatory and protective functions, plasma, serum, RBCs, WBCs, platelets, hematopoiesis, hemoglobin, hematocrit, CBCs and anemia. The guide explains the ABO blood groups, antigens and antibodies, followed by granular and agranular leukocytes such as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. Cardiovascular material then reviews the four heart chambers, epicardium, myocardium, pericardium, atrioventricular and semilunar valves, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, systole, diastole and the first and second heart sounds. Overall, this resource functions as a broad Nursing 120 anatomy and physiology exam review, progressing from basic anatomical terminology and tissue organization to major organ systems, neuroanatomy, endocrine physiology, hematology and heart anatomy. The uploaded document explicitly identifies Nursing 120 and the 2026/2027 academic period, but no university or college is identified; therefore, adding a specific institution name would not be supported by the source. Relevant students: This document is particularly relevant for Nursing 120 students, anatomy and physiology students, pre-nursing students, BSN and RN students, practical nursing students and other healthcare students completing foundational human anatomy and physiology coursework. It is especially useful for learners reviewing anatomical terminology, tissues, organ systems, integumentary anatomy, skeletal and muscular systems, nervous-system anatomy, endocrine hormones, blood physiology and cardiovascular anatomy. 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