Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide 2026 |
Complete Review | Graded A+
1. In a scenario where a patient has a severe allergic reaction leading to
widespread inflammation, which vascular event would you expect to be most
pronounced?
Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
Phagocytosis of cellular debris
Chemotaxis
Accumulation of leukocytes along epithelium
2. Which of the following is not considered an autoimmune disease?
Pernicious Anemia
Transfusion Reaction
Ulcerative Colitis
Goodpasture disease
3. An example of immune-complex-mediated (Type III) hypersensitivity disease
is:
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Bronchial Asthma
Contact Dermatitis
Serum Sickness
,4. In a patient with a newly diagnosed infection, which immunoglobulin would
you expect to be elevated in their serum during the acute phase of the
immune response?
IgE
IgG
IgA
IgM
5. Describe the process of compensatory hyperplasia and how it relates to the
adaptation of liver cells after a lobe is removed.
Compensatory hyperplasia is a response to inflammation, which is not
the primary mechanism in this case.
Compensatory hyperplasia refers to the shrinkage of tissue due to
decreased workload, which is not applicable here.
Compensatory hyperplasia involves the transformation of one cell
type to another, which does not occur in this scenario.
Compensatory hyperplasia is the process where remaining cells
increase in number to compensate for the loss of tissue, as seen in
the liver after lobe removal.
6. Describe how impaired arterial blood supply can lead to the development of
dry gangrene in patients with peripheral vascular disease.
Impaired arterial blood supply results in metaplasia, changing the
tissue type and preventing gangrene.
Impaired arterial blood supply causes excessive inflammation,
resulting in tissue swelling and infection.
Impaired arterial blood supply reduces oxygen and nutrients to
tissues, leading to cell death and necrosis, which manifests as dry
, gangrene.
Impaired arterial blood supply leads to increased apoptosis, causing
rapid cell turnover and tissue regeneration.
7. What type of immunity is provided by vaccinations like the tetanus booster
shot?
Passive artificial immunity
Active artificial immunity
Active natural immunity
Passive natural immunity
8. Describe the characteristics that differentiate hypertrophic scarring from
keloids.
Hypertrophic scars are raised but confined to the original incision
boundaries, while keloids extend beyond those boundaries.
Hypertrophic scars are flat and pale, while keloids are dark and raised.
Hypertrophic scars occur only in older patients, while keloids can
occur in any age group.
Hypertrophic scars are caused by infection, while keloids are due to
genetic predisposition.
9. When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to
an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy.
What does hypertrophy mean?
An increase in excitability occurs.
There is a decrease in cell length.
There is an increase in cell size.
, Cell numbers increase.
10. Which type of immunoglobulin is primarily associated with mucosal
immunity?
IgG
IgE
IgA
IgM
11. Describe the role of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the
management of HIV.
HAART is a single-drug treatment that eliminates HIV from the body.
HAART only addresses symptoms of HIV without affecting the virus.
HAART effectively reduces viral load and improves immune
function in HIV patients.
HAART is used only in advanced stages of HIV infection.
12. What is a common symptom of iron deficiency anemia?
Increased energy levels
Fatigue and weakness
Darkened palms
Red earlobes
13. Which of these is an age-related physiological change that occurs in older
adults?
Blood flow to the liver decreases.
Complete Review | Graded A+
1. In a scenario where a patient has a severe allergic reaction leading to
widespread inflammation, which vascular event would you expect to be most
pronounced?
Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
Phagocytosis of cellular debris
Chemotaxis
Accumulation of leukocytes along epithelium
2. Which of the following is not considered an autoimmune disease?
Pernicious Anemia
Transfusion Reaction
Ulcerative Colitis
Goodpasture disease
3. An example of immune-complex-mediated (Type III) hypersensitivity disease
is:
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Bronchial Asthma
Contact Dermatitis
Serum Sickness
,4. In a patient with a newly diagnosed infection, which immunoglobulin would
you expect to be elevated in their serum during the acute phase of the
immune response?
IgE
IgG
IgA
IgM
5. Describe the process of compensatory hyperplasia and how it relates to the
adaptation of liver cells after a lobe is removed.
Compensatory hyperplasia is a response to inflammation, which is not
the primary mechanism in this case.
Compensatory hyperplasia refers to the shrinkage of tissue due to
decreased workload, which is not applicable here.
Compensatory hyperplasia involves the transformation of one cell
type to another, which does not occur in this scenario.
Compensatory hyperplasia is the process where remaining cells
increase in number to compensate for the loss of tissue, as seen in
the liver after lobe removal.
6. Describe how impaired arterial blood supply can lead to the development of
dry gangrene in patients with peripheral vascular disease.
Impaired arterial blood supply results in metaplasia, changing the
tissue type and preventing gangrene.
Impaired arterial blood supply causes excessive inflammation,
resulting in tissue swelling and infection.
Impaired arterial blood supply reduces oxygen and nutrients to
tissues, leading to cell death and necrosis, which manifests as dry
, gangrene.
Impaired arterial blood supply leads to increased apoptosis, causing
rapid cell turnover and tissue regeneration.
7. What type of immunity is provided by vaccinations like the tetanus booster
shot?
Passive artificial immunity
Active artificial immunity
Active natural immunity
Passive natural immunity
8. Describe the characteristics that differentiate hypertrophic scarring from
keloids.
Hypertrophic scars are raised but confined to the original incision
boundaries, while keloids extend beyond those boundaries.
Hypertrophic scars are flat and pale, while keloids are dark and raised.
Hypertrophic scars occur only in older patients, while keloids can
occur in any age group.
Hypertrophic scars are caused by infection, while keloids are due to
genetic predisposition.
9. When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to
an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy.
What does hypertrophy mean?
An increase in excitability occurs.
There is a decrease in cell length.
There is an increase in cell size.
, Cell numbers increase.
10. Which type of immunoglobulin is primarily associated with mucosal
immunity?
IgG
IgE
IgA
IgM
11. Describe the role of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the
management of HIV.
HAART is a single-drug treatment that eliminates HIV from the body.
HAART only addresses symptoms of HIV without affecting the virus.
HAART effectively reduces viral load and improves immune
function in HIV patients.
HAART is used only in advanced stages of HIV infection.
12. What is a common symptom of iron deficiency anemia?
Increased energy levels
Fatigue and weakness
Darkened palms
Red earlobes
13. Which of these is an age-related physiological change that occurs in older
adults?
Blood flow to the liver decreases.
