RN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING EDITION 9.0
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND RATIONALE GUIDE
2026
◉ Upstream thinking. Answer: Is used to focus on interventions that
promote health or prevent illness, as opposed to medical treatment
models that focus on care after an individual becomes ill
◉ Nightingale's Environmental Theory. Answer: -Highlights the
relationship between an individual's environment and health
-Depicts health as a continuum
-Emphasizes preventive care
◉ Health Belief Model. Answer: -Purpose is to predict health
behaviors
-Emphasizes change at the individual level
-Assumes that the preventive health behaviors are taken primarily
for the purpose of avoiding disease
◉ Milio's Framework for Prevention. Answer: -Emphasizes change
at the community level
-Identifies relationship between health deficits and availability of
health-promoting resources
,◉ Pender's Health Promotion Model. Answer: -Does not consider
health risk as a factor that provokes change
-Examines factors that affect individuals actions like: personal
factors, feelings, benefits, barriers, attitudes of others, and abilities
◉ Determinants of Health. Answer: Factors that influence that
client's health.
--> nutrition, stress, education, environment, finances, and social
status
◉ Health Indicators. Answer: Describe the health status of a
community and serve as targets for the improvement of a
community's health
--> mortality rates, disease prevalence, levels of physical activity,
obesity, tobacco, or other substance use
◉ Community. Answer: -A group of people and institutions that
share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters
-The "community is the client" in community health nursing
◉ Goals of Community Health Nursing. Answer: Promote, preserve,
and maintain the health of populations by the delivery of health
services to individuals, families, and groups in order to influence
"community health"
,◉ Public Health Nursing. Answer: -It is population-focused, and
involves a combination of nursing knowledge along with social and
public health sciences
-GOAL: promote health and preventing disease
◉ PHN: Assessment. Answer: -Using systematic methods to monitor
the health of a population
-->Monitor health status to identify community health problems
-->Diagnose and investigate health problems/hazards in the
community
◉ PHN: Policy Development. Answer: Developing laws and practices
to promote the health of a population based on scientific evidence
◉ PHN: Assurance. Answer: Making sure adequate health care
personnel and services are accessible, especially to those who might
not normally have them
◉ Population-focused Nursing. Answer: -Includes assessing to
determine needs, intervening to protect and promote health, and
preventing disease within a specific population
◉ Key Principles of PHN:. Answer: -Emphasize primary prevention
, -Work to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of
individuals
-Recognize that the client is a partner in health
-Use resources wisely to promote the best outcomes
◉ Ethics. Answer: Preventing harm, doing no harm, promoting good,
respecting both individual and community rights, respecting
autonomy and diversity, and providing confidentiality, competency,
trustworthiness, and advocacy
◉ Advocacy. Answer: The nurse plays the role of informer, supporter,
and mediator for the client
◉ Evidence-Based Practice. Answer: -Involves using the best
practices, expert opinion, and client preferences to change the
delivery of client care
-GOAL: improve client outcomes
◉ EBP: Data. Answer: The nurse should appraise data collected from
research to measure whether bias was minimal (quality), the
number of studies, participants, or strength of effect (quantity) and
whether the results are repeatable (consistency)
◉ Quality. Answer: Quality assurance, improvement, and
management are part of improvement of health care
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND RATIONALE GUIDE
2026
◉ Upstream thinking. Answer: Is used to focus on interventions that
promote health or prevent illness, as opposed to medical treatment
models that focus on care after an individual becomes ill
◉ Nightingale's Environmental Theory. Answer: -Highlights the
relationship between an individual's environment and health
-Depicts health as a continuum
-Emphasizes preventive care
◉ Health Belief Model. Answer: -Purpose is to predict health
behaviors
-Emphasizes change at the individual level
-Assumes that the preventive health behaviors are taken primarily
for the purpose of avoiding disease
◉ Milio's Framework for Prevention. Answer: -Emphasizes change
at the community level
-Identifies relationship between health deficits and availability of
health-promoting resources
,◉ Pender's Health Promotion Model. Answer: -Does not consider
health risk as a factor that provokes change
-Examines factors that affect individuals actions like: personal
factors, feelings, benefits, barriers, attitudes of others, and abilities
◉ Determinants of Health. Answer: Factors that influence that
client's health.
--> nutrition, stress, education, environment, finances, and social
status
◉ Health Indicators. Answer: Describe the health status of a
community and serve as targets for the improvement of a
community's health
--> mortality rates, disease prevalence, levels of physical activity,
obesity, tobacco, or other substance use
◉ Community. Answer: -A group of people and institutions that
share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters
-The "community is the client" in community health nursing
◉ Goals of Community Health Nursing. Answer: Promote, preserve,
and maintain the health of populations by the delivery of health
services to individuals, families, and groups in order to influence
"community health"
,◉ Public Health Nursing. Answer: -It is population-focused, and
involves a combination of nursing knowledge along with social and
public health sciences
-GOAL: promote health and preventing disease
◉ PHN: Assessment. Answer: -Using systematic methods to monitor
the health of a population
-->Monitor health status to identify community health problems
-->Diagnose and investigate health problems/hazards in the
community
◉ PHN: Policy Development. Answer: Developing laws and practices
to promote the health of a population based on scientific evidence
◉ PHN: Assurance. Answer: Making sure adequate health care
personnel and services are accessible, especially to those who might
not normally have them
◉ Population-focused Nursing. Answer: -Includes assessing to
determine needs, intervening to protect and promote health, and
preventing disease within a specific population
◉ Key Principles of PHN:. Answer: -Emphasize primary prevention
, -Work to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of
individuals
-Recognize that the client is a partner in health
-Use resources wisely to promote the best outcomes
◉ Ethics. Answer: Preventing harm, doing no harm, promoting good,
respecting both individual and community rights, respecting
autonomy and diversity, and providing confidentiality, competency,
trustworthiness, and advocacy
◉ Advocacy. Answer: The nurse plays the role of informer, supporter,
and mediator for the client
◉ Evidence-Based Practice. Answer: -Involves using the best
practices, expert opinion, and client preferences to change the
delivery of client care
-GOAL: improve client outcomes
◉ EBP: Data. Answer: The nurse should appraise data collected from
research to measure whether bias was minimal (quality), the
number of studies, participants, or strength of effect (quantity) and
whether the results are repeatable (consistency)
◉ Quality. Answer: Quality assurance, improvement, and
management are part of improvement of health care
