NURS 6501-Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 1 EXAM (LATEST) ||
MOST RECENT EXAM 2026|2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS!! NEWEST
How can deprivation of essential nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates,
lipids, and vitamins) lead to cell injury? -ANSWERS-by altering cellular
structure and function, particularly of transport mechanisms,
chromosomes, the nucleus, and DNA
What are the two categories of intracellular accumulations? -ANSWERS-
(1) normal cellular substances, such as water, proteins, lipids, and
carbohydrate excesses; and (2) abnormal substances, either
endogenous (e.g., from abnormal metabolism) or exogenous (e.g., a
virus).
What mechanisms cause accumulations? -ANSWERS-(1) An endogenous
substance is produced in excess or at an increased rate; (2) an
abnormal substance, often the result of a mutated gene, accumulates;
(3) an endogenous substance is not effectively catabolized; and (4) a
harmful exogenous substance accumulates because of inhalation,
ingestion, or infection.
What causes cellular swelling? -ANSWERS-the failure of transport
mechanisms and is a sign of many types of cellular injury
,What is dystrophic calcification? -ANSWERS-hallmark of CELLULAR
INJURY and occurs in all types of cell NECROSIS
always in the setting of NORMAL CALCIUM LEVELS, and results in
PSAMMOMA BODIES
What does a disturbance in urate metabolism cause? -ANSWERS-
hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate crystals in tissue—
leading to a painful disorder called gout
What are the systemic manifestations of cellular injury? -ANSWERS-
fever, leukocytosis, increased heart rate, pain, and serum elevations of
enzymes in the plasma
What is necrosis? -ANSWERS-rapid loss of the plasma membrane
structure, organelle swelling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the lack of
features of apoptosis
What is apoptosis? -ANSWERS-regulated or programmed cell death and
is characterized by "dropping off" of cellular fragments, called apoptotic
bodies
What is necroptosis? -ANSWERS-programmed necrosis
, What are the four types of necrosis? -ANSWERS-coagulative,
liquefactive, caseous, and fatty
What is endoplasmic reticulum stress? -ANSWERS-Excessive
accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER
What is dysregulated apoptosis? -ANSWERS-excessive or insufficient
apoptosis
What are some important factors in aging? -ANSWERS-increased
damage to the cell, reduced capacity to divide, reduced ability to repair
damaged DNA, and increased likelihood of defective protein balance or
homeostasis.
What is sarcopenia? -ANSWERS-loss of muscle mass and strength
What is cachexia? -ANSWERS-weakness and wasting of the body due to
severe chronic illness
What is somatic death? -ANSWERS-death of the entire organism
What is osteogenesis imperfecta? -ANSWERS-caused by pathogenic
variants (formerly termed "mutations") in collagen genes
MOST RECENT EXAM 2026|2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS!! NEWEST
How can deprivation of essential nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates,
lipids, and vitamins) lead to cell injury? -ANSWERS-by altering cellular
structure and function, particularly of transport mechanisms,
chromosomes, the nucleus, and DNA
What are the two categories of intracellular accumulations? -ANSWERS-
(1) normal cellular substances, such as water, proteins, lipids, and
carbohydrate excesses; and (2) abnormal substances, either
endogenous (e.g., from abnormal metabolism) or exogenous (e.g., a
virus).
What mechanisms cause accumulations? -ANSWERS-(1) An endogenous
substance is produced in excess or at an increased rate; (2) an
abnormal substance, often the result of a mutated gene, accumulates;
(3) an endogenous substance is not effectively catabolized; and (4) a
harmful exogenous substance accumulates because of inhalation,
ingestion, or infection.
What causes cellular swelling? -ANSWERS-the failure of transport
mechanisms and is a sign of many types of cellular injury
,What is dystrophic calcification? -ANSWERS-hallmark of CELLULAR
INJURY and occurs in all types of cell NECROSIS
always in the setting of NORMAL CALCIUM LEVELS, and results in
PSAMMOMA BODIES
What does a disturbance in urate metabolism cause? -ANSWERS-
hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate crystals in tissue—
leading to a painful disorder called gout
What are the systemic manifestations of cellular injury? -ANSWERS-
fever, leukocytosis, increased heart rate, pain, and serum elevations of
enzymes in the plasma
What is necrosis? -ANSWERS-rapid loss of the plasma membrane
structure, organelle swelling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the lack of
features of apoptosis
What is apoptosis? -ANSWERS-regulated or programmed cell death and
is characterized by "dropping off" of cellular fragments, called apoptotic
bodies
What is necroptosis? -ANSWERS-programmed necrosis
, What are the four types of necrosis? -ANSWERS-coagulative,
liquefactive, caseous, and fatty
What is endoplasmic reticulum stress? -ANSWERS-Excessive
accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER
What is dysregulated apoptosis? -ANSWERS-excessive or insufficient
apoptosis
What are some important factors in aging? -ANSWERS-increased
damage to the cell, reduced capacity to divide, reduced ability to repair
damaged DNA, and increased likelihood of defective protein balance or
homeostasis.
What is sarcopenia? -ANSWERS-loss of muscle mass and strength
What is cachexia? -ANSWERS-weakness and wasting of the body due to
severe chronic illness
What is somatic death? -ANSWERS-death of the entire organism
What is osteogenesis imperfecta? -ANSWERS-caused by pathogenic
variants (formerly termed "mutations") in collagen genes
