RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
REVIEW TEST PAPER 2026 PRACTICE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Rough ER.
Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with
ribosomes.
⩥ Smooth ER.
Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
⩥ Homeostasis.
Answer: A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the
regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose,
around a particular level
⩥ Hypertrophy.
Answer: increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
⩥ atrophy.
Answer: the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive
decline or failure; to waste away
,⩥ Ischemia.
Answer: an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
⩥ S/S of Objective Data.
Answer: Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood
pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
⩥ S/S of Subjective Data.
Answer: Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels (pain)
⩥ Epinephrine.
Answer: Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress. Also known as adrenaline.
⩥ Renin.
Answer: hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by
influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
⩥ What causes edema?.
Answer: -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
,-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
⩥ Signs and symptoms of fluid excess.
Answer: edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing), hyptertension (high bp),
JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
⩥ Signs and symptoms of dehydration.
Answer: Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, Low BP, Low
pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function, confusion,
and loss of consciousness
⩥ S/S of hypocalcemia.
Answer: - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial
twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood
pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
⩥ Osmosis.
Answer: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
, ⩥ Diffusion.
Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration.
⩥ active transport.
Answer: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
⩥ Effect of hypertonic solution.
Answer: cell shrinks and can die
⩥ effect of a hypotonic solution.
Answer: cell swells and can burst
⩥ active immunity.
Answer: A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its
own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
⩥ passive immunity.
Answer: An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies, but
rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to
infant through breast milk
REVIEW TEST PAPER 2026 PRACTICE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Rough ER.
Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with
ribosomes.
⩥ Smooth ER.
Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
⩥ Homeostasis.
Answer: A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the
regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose,
around a particular level
⩥ Hypertrophy.
Answer: increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
⩥ atrophy.
Answer: the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive
decline or failure; to waste away
,⩥ Ischemia.
Answer: an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
⩥ S/S of Objective Data.
Answer: Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood
pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
⩥ S/S of Subjective Data.
Answer: Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels (pain)
⩥ Epinephrine.
Answer: Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress. Also known as adrenaline.
⩥ Renin.
Answer: hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by
influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
⩥ What causes edema?.
Answer: -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
,-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
⩥ Signs and symptoms of fluid excess.
Answer: edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing), hyptertension (high bp),
JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
⩥ Signs and symptoms of dehydration.
Answer: Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, Low BP, Low
pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function, confusion,
and loss of consciousness
⩥ S/S of hypocalcemia.
Answer: - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial
twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood
pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
⩥ Osmosis.
Answer: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
, ⩥ Diffusion.
Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration.
⩥ active transport.
Answer: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
⩥ Effect of hypertonic solution.
Answer: cell shrinks and can die
⩥ effect of a hypotonic solution.
Answer: cell swells and can burst
⩥ active immunity.
Answer: A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its
own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
⩥ passive immunity.
Answer: An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies, but
rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to
infant through breast milk
