RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL CONTENT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE
SET
◉ passive transport
Answer: requires no energy, along the gradient from high
concentration to low
(ex: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)
◉ active transport
Answer: requires energy, against the gradient from low
concentration to high
(ex: endocytosis (entering cell), exocytosis(exiting cell), and protein
pumps)
◉ osmosis
Answer: passive transport of water, moving from high to low
◉ Difference between osmosis and diffusion
, Answer: osmosis is the diffusion of water and diffusion is the
movement of any type of molecule across the cell membrane from a
high to low concentration.
◉ Dehydration (etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment)
Answer: Causes: vomiting, diarrhea, removal of saline from the body
causes extracellular volume deficit and removal of extra water from
the body causes hypernatremia, the combination is dehydration.
S/S: hard stools, sudden weight loss, rapid pulse, oliguria, prolonged
capillary refill time, decreased skin turgor, dry mouth, absence of
sweat and tears, confusion, lethargy, thirst
Treatment: replenish fluids PO or IV
◉ antimicrobial resistance
Answer: occurs when pathogens undergo changes that allow them
to resist antimicrobials (Ex: MRSA)
◉ mediators of acute inflammation
Answer: histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins,
leukotrienes
◉ Osteoporosis
Answer: A condition in which the body's bones become weak and
break easily.
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL CONTENT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE
SET
◉ passive transport
Answer: requires no energy, along the gradient from high
concentration to low
(ex: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)
◉ active transport
Answer: requires energy, against the gradient from low
concentration to high
(ex: endocytosis (entering cell), exocytosis(exiting cell), and protein
pumps)
◉ osmosis
Answer: passive transport of water, moving from high to low
◉ Difference between osmosis and diffusion
, Answer: osmosis is the diffusion of water and diffusion is the
movement of any type of molecule across the cell membrane from a
high to low concentration.
◉ Dehydration (etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment)
Answer: Causes: vomiting, diarrhea, removal of saline from the body
causes extracellular volume deficit and removal of extra water from
the body causes hypernatremia, the combination is dehydration.
S/S: hard stools, sudden weight loss, rapid pulse, oliguria, prolonged
capillary refill time, decreased skin turgor, dry mouth, absence of
sweat and tears, confusion, lethargy, thirst
Treatment: replenish fluids PO or IV
◉ antimicrobial resistance
Answer: occurs when pathogens undergo changes that allow them
to resist antimicrobials (Ex: MRSA)
◉ mediators of acute inflammation
Answer: histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins,
leukotrienes
◉ Osteoporosis
Answer: A condition in which the body's bones become weak and
break easily.
