PATH 370 Midterm Exam Review Questions and 100% Correct Answers Latest
2026/27 Update - WCU
Question 1
pts
Which term is used to describe an excess of red blood cells?
Anemia
Polycythemia
Pancytopenia
Granulocytopenia
Polycythemia is an excess of red blood cells. Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells.
Pancytopenia is a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Granulocytopenia is a decrease in platelets.
Question 2
pts
In muscle hypertrophy, the hypertrophied cells increase in
Size
Number
Calcium
Accumulations
PATH 370 Midterm Exam
, The cellular response to persistent, sublethal stress reflects the cell’s efforts to adapt. A
common adaptive response is hypertrophy resulting in an increase in cell size.
Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number. An increase in calcium would be pathological
and likely result in tetany. An increase in accumulations would be pathological and likely
result in cell injury
Question 3
pts
The pathogenesis of pneumonia includes the inhalation of microbial agents and the
resulting of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer
Inflammation
Lung consolidation
Formation of exudates
Alveolar wall thickening
Decreased lung compliance
Question 4
pts
Which restrictive disease is associated with the formation of an antigen-antibody
complex, causing fibrosis of the lung?
Sarcoidosis
Pneumoconiosis
PATH 370 Midterm Exam
, Correct Answer
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Diffuse interstitial lung disease
Causative dust acts as an antigen, which combines with serum antibodies in the
alveolar walls, leading to type III hypersensitivity reaction. Sarcoidosis is associated with
the development of multiple, uniform, noncaseating epithelioid granulomas that affect
multiple organ systems, most commonly the lymph nodes and lung tissue.
Pneumoconiosis is defined as parenchymal lung disease caused by the inhalation of
inorganic dust particles. Diffuse interstitial lung disease is associated with thickening of
the alveolar interstitium.
Question 5
pts
Which type of shock is characterized by generalized vasodilation and peripheral pooling
of blood? (Select all that apply.)
Septic
Neurogenic
Cardiogenic
Correct Answer
Anaphylactic
Hypovolemic
Septic shock, neurogenic shock, and anaphylactic shock are characterized by
excessive vasodilation and peripheral pooling of blood. Cardiac output is inadequate
because of reduced preload. Cardiogenic shock occurs primarily as a result of severe
PATH 370 Midterm Exam
, dysfunction of the left or right ventricles, or both, that results in inadequate cardiac
pumping. Hypovolemic shock is a result of excessive blood loss; vasoconstriction is
initially seen in this form of shock.
Question 6
pts
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) can be indirectly estimated with the use of which
blood pressure measurement?
Systolic pressure
Correct Answer
Diastolic pressure
Pulmonary arterial pressure
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
The systemic diastolic pressure is determined by the narrowing of blood vessel
diameter and therefore the resistance to blood flow, whether from peripheral vascular
constriction or atherosclerosis. Systolic pressure is not as influenced by the narrowing
of blood vessel diameter. Pulmonary arterial pressure is generated by the right ventricle
ejecting blood into the pulmonary artery. By definition, the volume of blood within a
ventricle immediately before a contraction is known as the end-diastolic volume.
Question 7
pts
Which statement is true regarding carbonic acid (H 2CO 3)?
If body fluids are too alkaline, carbonic acid is excreted through the respiratory system
in the form of carbon dioxide and water.
PATH 370 Midterm Exam
2026/27 Update - WCU
Question 1
pts
Which term is used to describe an excess of red blood cells?
Anemia
Polycythemia
Pancytopenia
Granulocytopenia
Polycythemia is an excess of red blood cells. Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells.
Pancytopenia is a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Granulocytopenia is a decrease in platelets.
Question 2
pts
In muscle hypertrophy, the hypertrophied cells increase in
Size
Number
Calcium
Accumulations
PATH 370 Midterm Exam
, The cellular response to persistent, sublethal stress reflects the cell’s efforts to adapt. A
common adaptive response is hypertrophy resulting in an increase in cell size.
Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number. An increase in calcium would be pathological
and likely result in tetany. An increase in accumulations would be pathological and likely
result in cell injury
Question 3
pts
The pathogenesis of pneumonia includes the inhalation of microbial agents and the
resulting of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer
Inflammation
Lung consolidation
Formation of exudates
Alveolar wall thickening
Decreased lung compliance
Question 4
pts
Which restrictive disease is associated with the formation of an antigen-antibody
complex, causing fibrosis of the lung?
Sarcoidosis
Pneumoconiosis
PATH 370 Midterm Exam
, Correct Answer
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Diffuse interstitial lung disease
Causative dust acts as an antigen, which combines with serum antibodies in the
alveolar walls, leading to type III hypersensitivity reaction. Sarcoidosis is associated with
the development of multiple, uniform, noncaseating epithelioid granulomas that affect
multiple organ systems, most commonly the lymph nodes and lung tissue.
Pneumoconiosis is defined as parenchymal lung disease caused by the inhalation of
inorganic dust particles. Diffuse interstitial lung disease is associated with thickening of
the alveolar interstitium.
Question 5
pts
Which type of shock is characterized by generalized vasodilation and peripheral pooling
of blood? (Select all that apply.)
Septic
Neurogenic
Cardiogenic
Correct Answer
Anaphylactic
Hypovolemic
Septic shock, neurogenic shock, and anaphylactic shock are characterized by
excessive vasodilation and peripheral pooling of blood. Cardiac output is inadequate
because of reduced preload. Cardiogenic shock occurs primarily as a result of severe
PATH 370 Midterm Exam
, dysfunction of the left or right ventricles, or both, that results in inadequate cardiac
pumping. Hypovolemic shock is a result of excessive blood loss; vasoconstriction is
initially seen in this form of shock.
Question 6
pts
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) can be indirectly estimated with the use of which
blood pressure measurement?
Systolic pressure
Correct Answer
Diastolic pressure
Pulmonary arterial pressure
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
The systemic diastolic pressure is determined by the narrowing of blood vessel
diameter and therefore the resistance to blood flow, whether from peripheral vascular
constriction or atherosclerosis. Systolic pressure is not as influenced by the narrowing
of blood vessel diameter. Pulmonary arterial pressure is generated by the right ventricle
ejecting blood into the pulmonary artery. By definition, the volume of blood within a
ventricle immediately before a contraction is known as the end-diastolic volume.
Question 7
pts
Which statement is true regarding carbonic acid (H 2CO 3)?
If body fluids are too alkaline, carbonic acid is excreted through the respiratory system
in the form of carbon dioxide and water.
PATH 370 Midterm Exam
