WGU D072 MANAGERIAL & ETHICAL
DECISION-MAKING + LEADERSHIP
EXAM PREP
1. In the rational decision-making model, which step is considered the most critical but often
the most overlooked?
A. Identifying the problem or opportunity
B. Evaluating the alternatives
C. Implementing and monitoring the decision
D. Generating alternative solutions
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Implementation and monitoring are crucial to ensure the
decision achieves the desired outcome, yet many managers fail to follow through
systematically.
2. Which cognitive bias occurs when a manager relies too heavily on the first piece of
information encountered when making a decision?
A. Anchoring bias
,B. Confirmation bias
C. Availability bias
D. Hindsight bias
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Anchoring bias refers to the tendency to fixate on initial
information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information.
3. According to Daniel Goleman, which component of Emotional Intelligence (EI) involves
recognizing how your emotions affect your performance?
A. Self-regulation
B. Self-awareness
C. Social awareness
D. Relationship management
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Self-awareness is the ability to recognize one’s own emotions
and their effects on others and performance.
4. A manager focuses on ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’ when deciding on
layoffs. Which ethical framework is being applied?
A. Deontology
B. Utilitarianism
, C. Justice Theory
D. Virtue Ethics
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Utilitarianism is a consequentialist philosophy that focuses on
maximizing overall utility or happiness for the majority.
5. Which leadership style is characterized by a leader who works with teams to identify
needed change, creating a vision to guide the change through inspiration?
A. Transactional Leadership
B. Laissez-faire Leadership
C. Transformational Leadership
D. Autocratic Leadership
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Transformational leaders inspire followers to transcend their
own self-interests for the good of the organization.
6. In supportive communication, what is the primary difference between coaching and
counseling?
A. Coaching requires a psychologist; counseling does not.
B. Coaching is for disciplinary issues; counseling is for skill gaps.
C. Coaching is person-oriented; counseling is problem-oriented.
DECISION-MAKING + LEADERSHIP
EXAM PREP
1. In the rational decision-making model, which step is considered the most critical but often
the most overlooked?
A. Identifying the problem or opportunity
B. Evaluating the alternatives
C. Implementing and monitoring the decision
D. Generating alternative solutions
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Implementation and monitoring are crucial to ensure the
decision achieves the desired outcome, yet many managers fail to follow through
systematically.
2. Which cognitive bias occurs when a manager relies too heavily on the first piece of
information encountered when making a decision?
A. Anchoring bias
,B. Confirmation bias
C. Availability bias
D. Hindsight bias
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Anchoring bias refers to the tendency to fixate on initial
information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information.
3. According to Daniel Goleman, which component of Emotional Intelligence (EI) involves
recognizing how your emotions affect your performance?
A. Self-regulation
B. Self-awareness
C. Social awareness
D. Relationship management
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Self-awareness is the ability to recognize one’s own emotions
and their effects on others and performance.
4. A manager focuses on ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’ when deciding on
layoffs. Which ethical framework is being applied?
A. Deontology
B. Utilitarianism
, C. Justice Theory
D. Virtue Ethics
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Utilitarianism is a consequentialist philosophy that focuses on
maximizing overall utility or happiness for the majority.
5. Which leadership style is characterized by a leader who works with teams to identify
needed change, creating a vision to guide the change through inspiration?
A. Transactional Leadership
B. Laissez-faire Leadership
C. Transformational Leadership
D. Autocratic Leadership
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Transformational leaders inspire followers to transcend their
own self-interests for the good of the organization.
6. In supportive communication, what is the primary difference between coaching and
counseling?
A. Coaching requires a psychologist; counseling does not.
B. Coaching is for disciplinary issues; counseling is for skill gaps.
C. Coaching is person-oriented; counseling is problem-oriented.
