NUR 138 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What is the normal immune response? - Answers - To protect the body from foreign
antigens, to identify and destroy potentially harmful cells and to remove cellular debris;
Response may be specific or nonspecific;
nonspecific= prevent or limit the entry of invaders into the body
specific= designed to target a specific antigen
Identify changes in the immune response that occur with aging? - Answers - -immune
function declines with age
-more prone to infection
-poor response to immunizations
-Tcells less responsive
-thymus stops working by puberty
-poor nutrition
-immunes system reacts slowly
List diagnostic testing to support a reaction to a specific antigen? - Answers - -skin
testing for allergens=intradermal injections or skin pricks
-blood allergy test (IgE) antibody test= specific allergens are mixed with blood samples
-enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
-immunoglobulins
-western blot
-ELISA
Independent nursing actions for a client with a compromised immune system ? -
Answers - provide patient education
-Nutrition
-exercise
-stress management
-sleep
-encourage vaccines
-monitor for signs of infection
-health history
Nursing actions for latex allergy ? - Answers - -check products in your healthcare facility
for the FDA label
-remove latex items from pt room
-use non latex gloves
-educate pt what to avoid
common hypersensitivity responses in children ? - Answers - -itchy ears
, tongue=tingling/burning/itching
-may feel like something is stuck in throat
Nursing care for hypersensitivity in children? - Answers - -observation/interview
-assess airway and breathing
-monitor cardiac status
-admin epi
Describe primary and secondary hypersensitivity? - Answers - Primary=reaction of the
immune system when it comes in contact with antigen for the first time
secondary= when it comes in contact with antigen for the 2nd time
1st generations meds: benadryl (diphenhydramine)
2nd generation meds: zyrtec(cetirizine)
allegra(fexofenadine)
Identify modes of transmission for HIV/AIDS? - Answers - -unprotected sex
-needle sharing
-blood exposure
-can be passed from mom to baby
Strategies to prevent HIV/AIDS? - Answers - -educate safe sex
-avoid drug use/needle sharing
-informing medical personnel
-standard precautions
lab values associated with HIV/AIDS? - Answers - wbc=4500-10,000
CD4= >1000
viral load
-want as low as possible low=<10,000 high=>100,000
neutrophils= 40-60
lymphocytes=20-40
monocytes=4-8
eosinophils=1-3
basophils=0-1
bands=0-5
lifespan implications and immunizations with HIV? - Answers - -can affect any age
=caught early=better chance of treating
what type of immunizations can a child with HIV receive? - Answers - -should be
immunized as soon as the reach teh recommended age
-vaccines with inactivated viruses can be used in children with weakend immune
systems
-live MMR vaccine is administer at 12 months unless the child is severely
immunocompromised
-live varicella vaccine should be administered if the child has no or mild HIV symptoms
ANSWERS
What is the normal immune response? - Answers - To protect the body from foreign
antigens, to identify and destroy potentially harmful cells and to remove cellular debris;
Response may be specific or nonspecific;
nonspecific= prevent or limit the entry of invaders into the body
specific= designed to target a specific antigen
Identify changes in the immune response that occur with aging? - Answers - -immune
function declines with age
-more prone to infection
-poor response to immunizations
-Tcells less responsive
-thymus stops working by puberty
-poor nutrition
-immunes system reacts slowly
List diagnostic testing to support a reaction to a specific antigen? - Answers - -skin
testing for allergens=intradermal injections or skin pricks
-blood allergy test (IgE) antibody test= specific allergens are mixed with blood samples
-enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
-immunoglobulins
-western blot
-ELISA
Independent nursing actions for a client with a compromised immune system ? -
Answers - provide patient education
-Nutrition
-exercise
-stress management
-sleep
-encourage vaccines
-monitor for signs of infection
-health history
Nursing actions for latex allergy ? - Answers - -check products in your healthcare facility
for the FDA label
-remove latex items from pt room
-use non latex gloves
-educate pt what to avoid
common hypersensitivity responses in children ? - Answers - -itchy ears
, tongue=tingling/burning/itching
-may feel like something is stuck in throat
Nursing care for hypersensitivity in children? - Answers - -observation/interview
-assess airway and breathing
-monitor cardiac status
-admin epi
Describe primary and secondary hypersensitivity? - Answers - Primary=reaction of the
immune system when it comes in contact with antigen for the first time
secondary= when it comes in contact with antigen for the 2nd time
1st generations meds: benadryl (diphenhydramine)
2nd generation meds: zyrtec(cetirizine)
allegra(fexofenadine)
Identify modes of transmission for HIV/AIDS? - Answers - -unprotected sex
-needle sharing
-blood exposure
-can be passed from mom to baby
Strategies to prevent HIV/AIDS? - Answers - -educate safe sex
-avoid drug use/needle sharing
-informing medical personnel
-standard precautions
lab values associated with HIV/AIDS? - Answers - wbc=4500-10,000
CD4= >1000
viral load
-want as low as possible low=<10,000 high=>100,000
neutrophils= 40-60
lymphocytes=20-40
monocytes=4-8
eosinophils=1-3
basophils=0-1
bands=0-5
lifespan implications and immunizations with HIV? - Answers - -can affect any age
=caught early=better chance of treating
what type of immunizations can a child with HIV receive? - Answers - -should be
immunized as soon as the reach teh recommended age
-vaccines with inactivated viruses can be used in children with weakend immune
systems
-live MMR vaccine is administer at 12 months unless the child is severely
immunocompromised
-live varicella vaccine should be administered if the child has no or mild HIV symptoms
