MEDICAL UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE · BIOLOGY
Semmelweis Entrance Exam
Medicine Biology A+
2026/2027 Guide
A+ Verified Questions & Rationales · Official Topic Alignment
A+ 5 100%
QUESTIONS VERIFIED EXAM DOMAINS COVERED RATIONALES INCLUDED
CATEGORIES
■ 1. Cell Biology & Organelles
■ 2. Biomolecules, Metabolism & Bioenergetics
■ 3. Genetics, Cell Division & Molecular Biology
■ 4. Human Physiology Systems
■ 5. Evolution, Viruses, Tissues & Development
STUVIAACTUALEXAM
Passing Score: 70% · 1 Mark per Question · Application/Analysis Level
, SECTION 1: Cell Biology & Organelles
Q1. A laboratory technician is comparing a bacterial cell and a human hepatocyte under the electron microscope. The technician notes
that only the hepatocyte contains membrane-bound organelles. Which structure is present in both cell types and is the primary site of
protein synthesis?
A. Mitochondrion
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ribosomes are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and translate mRNA into polypeptide chains. Membrane-bound organelles such as
mitochondria, Golgi and lysosomes are characteristic of eukaryotic cells only.
Q2. A researcher studies the pathway of a newly synthesized glycoprotein destined for secretion. After synthesis on rough ER-bound
ribosomes, the protein is packaged into transport vesicles. Which organelle is the next major processing station where glycosylation is
completed and proteins are sorted?
A. Mitochondrial matrix
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Peroxisome
D. Nucleolus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Proteins synthesized into the rough ER lumen travel via transport vesicles to the Golgi apparatus, where further glycosylation, processing and
sorting for secretion or delivery to other organelles occur.
Q3. A patient inherits a mitochondrial DNA mutation affecting oxidative phosphorylation. Why are mitochondrial disorders often
transmitted exclusively through the maternal line?
A. Mitochondria are absent from sperm cells in all species.
B. Mitochondrial genes are located only on the X chromosome.
C. In humans, mitochondria (and their DNA) in the zygote are almost entirely of maternal origin; paternal mitochondria are typically eliminated.
D. Paternal mitochondria replicate faster and are diluted out.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Human mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally because the oocyte contributes the vast majority of cytoplasm and mitochondria to the zygote,
while sperm mitochondria are generally degraded after fertilization.
Q4. A cell biologist observes that a particular organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes active at acidic pH and is responsible for degrading
worn-out organelles and material taken up by endocytosis. Which organelle is being described?
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Lysosome
C. Centriole
D. Nucleolus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing acid hydrolases that digest macromolecules, pathogens and damaged organelles.
Their internal pH is maintained at approximately 4.5–5.0.
Q5. A student is asked to identify the organelle that synthesizes ATP through oxidative phosphorylation and contains its own circular
DNA. Which structure fulfills both criteria?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi cisternae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP via the electron-transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. They also possess circular DNA and
70S-type ribosomes, reflecting their endosymbiotic origin.
Semmelweis Medicine Biology · Page 2
Semmelweis Entrance Exam
Medicine Biology A+
2026/2027 Guide
A+ Verified Questions & Rationales · Official Topic Alignment
A+ 5 100%
QUESTIONS VERIFIED EXAM DOMAINS COVERED RATIONALES INCLUDED
CATEGORIES
■ 1. Cell Biology & Organelles
■ 2. Biomolecules, Metabolism & Bioenergetics
■ 3. Genetics, Cell Division & Molecular Biology
■ 4. Human Physiology Systems
■ 5. Evolution, Viruses, Tissues & Development
STUVIAACTUALEXAM
Passing Score: 70% · 1 Mark per Question · Application/Analysis Level
, SECTION 1: Cell Biology & Organelles
Q1. A laboratory technician is comparing a bacterial cell and a human hepatocyte under the electron microscope. The technician notes
that only the hepatocyte contains membrane-bound organelles. Which structure is present in both cell types and is the primary site of
protein synthesis?
A. Mitochondrion
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ribosomes are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and translate mRNA into polypeptide chains. Membrane-bound organelles such as
mitochondria, Golgi and lysosomes are characteristic of eukaryotic cells only.
Q2. A researcher studies the pathway of a newly synthesized glycoprotein destined for secretion. After synthesis on rough ER-bound
ribosomes, the protein is packaged into transport vesicles. Which organelle is the next major processing station where glycosylation is
completed and proteins are sorted?
A. Mitochondrial matrix
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Peroxisome
D. Nucleolus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Proteins synthesized into the rough ER lumen travel via transport vesicles to the Golgi apparatus, where further glycosylation, processing and
sorting for secretion or delivery to other organelles occur.
Q3. A patient inherits a mitochondrial DNA mutation affecting oxidative phosphorylation. Why are mitochondrial disorders often
transmitted exclusively through the maternal line?
A. Mitochondria are absent from sperm cells in all species.
B. Mitochondrial genes are located only on the X chromosome.
C. In humans, mitochondria (and their DNA) in the zygote are almost entirely of maternal origin; paternal mitochondria are typically eliminated.
D. Paternal mitochondria replicate faster and are diluted out.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Human mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally because the oocyte contributes the vast majority of cytoplasm and mitochondria to the zygote,
while sperm mitochondria are generally degraded after fertilization.
Q4. A cell biologist observes that a particular organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes active at acidic pH and is responsible for degrading
worn-out organelles and material taken up by endocytosis. Which organelle is being described?
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Lysosome
C. Centriole
D. Nucleolus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing acid hydrolases that digest macromolecules, pathogens and damaged organelles.
Their internal pH is maintained at approximately 4.5–5.0.
Q5. A student is asked to identify the organelle that synthesizes ATP through oxidative phosphorylation and contains its own circular
DNA. Which structure fulfills both criteria?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi cisternae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP via the electron-transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. They also possess circular DNA and
70S-type ribosomes, reflecting their endosymbiotic origin.
Semmelweis Medicine Biology · Page 2
