NUR 452 LATEST FINALS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Not suitable health literacy content characteristics - ✔✔--9th grade or higher reading
level
--No purpose is stated in the title, illustration or introduction.
--Does not have any of the superior criteria
--Cultural appropriateness: Clearly a cultural mismatch
--Learning stimulation & motivation: No interactive learning or stimulation is provided
✔✔how should the layout of health literacy be? - ✔✔At least 3 of the following 4 factors
are present:
1) Text type is in uppercase and lowercase.
2) Type size is at least 12 point (This is 12 point type).
3) Typographic cues (bold type, color, size of type).
4) No ALL CAPS for long headlines and running text.
✔✔-- - ✔✔
✔✔Epidemiology - ✔✔--the study of causes of epidemics
--Investigates the distribution or patterns of health events in populations and the
determinants or the factors that influence those patterns
--True detective work
--Descriptive epidemiology - What, who, where, and when, DESCRIBES
--Analytic epidemiology - How and why something is happening. [cause/origin!!]
ANALYZES
--To guide clinical practice and influence health outcomes
--Look for patterns or the risk for occurrence to explain
✔✔Epidemiology is finding out the answers to: - ✔✔-What is the overall effect of the
disease? What is the disease/issue?
--Who is affected?
--Where is the disease prevalent (distributed) in the population?
,--When are people getting the disease?
--How are they getting it? (airborne, vector?)
--Why are they getting it (the causes)? (poor immune system?)
--Necessary to investigate a health problem before everything is known about the
disease etiology.
✔✔concepts of rates to community/ population health - ✔✔--A statistic used for
describing an event, characteristic, or happening. TIME important or a proportion.
--Used to make comparisons among populations or to compare a subgroup of the
population with the total population.
--Using standard base rates makes comparing the magnatude of an event (illness,
death) in different populations groups easier.
✔✔Crude rate - ✔✔- the total population
✔✔Specific rate - ✔✔- subgroup of the population
✔✔rate formula - ✔✔(Number of events/ Population at risk) x 100,000 (or another
standard base #)
✔✔incidence rate formula - ✔✔(number of NEW cases in a time period/size of at-risk
populations at midpoint of time period) x 100,000
✔✔Prevalence rate formula - ✔✔(number of ALL cases in a time period/size of at-risk
populations at midpoint of time period) x 100,000
✔✔morbidity - ✔✔--disease rate; how many people have a disease
--illness rates usually expressed as incidence or prevalence
--kinda have to take educated guess bc this is NOT as accurate as death
certificates/mortality rate
----not systemically recorded like death
✔✔prevalence - ✔✔--how common is a disease in a community, New and established
--measures all the existing cases at a given point in time-includes incidence and all the
existing cases
✔✔incidence - ✔✔--how many NEW cases
--the rate at which a specific disease develops in a population - the number of new
cases of an illness or injury that occurs within a specified time frame
✔✔mortality - ✔✔death rate
✔✔Surveillance: - ✔✔looking at the big picture
--May contact nurses who keep track of infectious diseases in office
, --May go to pharmacy and see a lot of people buying TamaFlu in july which is not
normal
--Ongoing overview looking at big data
✔✔where do we get Health Statistics data? - ✔✔--CDC -Much info and links on
website- survellience data - MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (national
statistics)
--USDHHS - same - HP2010
--US Census Bureau (deals w other stats, not just diseases)
--National Center for Health Statistics - Surveys US populations
--Private groups - Children Defence Fund
--local health dept
--hospitals - ie ER visits, keep track of how many people come in with specific issues
✔✔epidemiologic triangle - ✔✔causative agent, susceptible host, environment
✔✔Agent
(Epidemiological Triangle) - ✔✔Animate or inanimate factor that must be present of
lacking for a condition/ disease to develop. The agent is what is CAUSING the
problem/disease/condition.
Ex. leak of a dangerous chemical, outbreak of Ebola virus, bacteria, protozoa, virus,
obesity, loud noise (causing deafness), weapon (leading to suicide)
✔✔Host
(Epidemiological Triangle) - ✔✔--A living species (human/ animal) that is capable of
being infected or affected by the agent.
--**Individual exposed to agent resulting in a condition/ disease. (age, sex, race,
lifestyle, low SES, genetics, immune status)
--dog (getting rabies)
--human (getting flu)
--unprotected sex practices of a person
--prisoners risk behaviors (smoker)
--healthcare worker (at risk bc needle pokes, disease exposure)
--a person's diet choice (unhealthy diet = more likely to get DM, CVD)
✔✔Environment
(Epidemiological Triangle) - ✔✔--All that is internal or external to a given host or agent
that is affected by the agent.
--External conditions (physical, biological, education, socioeconomic status, healthcare
access, social support, culture, climate).
--live in jungle w high humidity and standing water = more virus causes by mosquitoes
--desert would have more fungi diseases like valley fever
--Legislation and policies
--Dusty ground
--Crowded living conditions
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Not suitable health literacy content characteristics - ✔✔--9th grade or higher reading
level
--No purpose is stated in the title, illustration or introduction.
--Does not have any of the superior criteria
--Cultural appropriateness: Clearly a cultural mismatch
--Learning stimulation & motivation: No interactive learning or stimulation is provided
✔✔how should the layout of health literacy be? - ✔✔At least 3 of the following 4 factors
are present:
1) Text type is in uppercase and lowercase.
2) Type size is at least 12 point (This is 12 point type).
3) Typographic cues (bold type, color, size of type).
4) No ALL CAPS for long headlines and running text.
✔✔-- - ✔✔
✔✔Epidemiology - ✔✔--the study of causes of epidemics
--Investigates the distribution or patterns of health events in populations and the
determinants or the factors that influence those patterns
--True detective work
--Descriptive epidemiology - What, who, where, and when, DESCRIBES
--Analytic epidemiology - How and why something is happening. [cause/origin!!]
ANALYZES
--To guide clinical practice and influence health outcomes
--Look for patterns or the risk for occurrence to explain
✔✔Epidemiology is finding out the answers to: - ✔✔-What is the overall effect of the
disease? What is the disease/issue?
--Who is affected?
--Where is the disease prevalent (distributed) in the population?
,--When are people getting the disease?
--How are they getting it? (airborne, vector?)
--Why are they getting it (the causes)? (poor immune system?)
--Necessary to investigate a health problem before everything is known about the
disease etiology.
✔✔concepts of rates to community/ population health - ✔✔--A statistic used for
describing an event, characteristic, or happening. TIME important or a proportion.
--Used to make comparisons among populations or to compare a subgroup of the
population with the total population.
--Using standard base rates makes comparing the magnatude of an event (illness,
death) in different populations groups easier.
✔✔Crude rate - ✔✔- the total population
✔✔Specific rate - ✔✔- subgroup of the population
✔✔rate formula - ✔✔(Number of events/ Population at risk) x 100,000 (or another
standard base #)
✔✔incidence rate formula - ✔✔(number of NEW cases in a time period/size of at-risk
populations at midpoint of time period) x 100,000
✔✔Prevalence rate formula - ✔✔(number of ALL cases in a time period/size of at-risk
populations at midpoint of time period) x 100,000
✔✔morbidity - ✔✔--disease rate; how many people have a disease
--illness rates usually expressed as incidence or prevalence
--kinda have to take educated guess bc this is NOT as accurate as death
certificates/mortality rate
----not systemically recorded like death
✔✔prevalence - ✔✔--how common is a disease in a community, New and established
--measures all the existing cases at a given point in time-includes incidence and all the
existing cases
✔✔incidence - ✔✔--how many NEW cases
--the rate at which a specific disease develops in a population - the number of new
cases of an illness or injury that occurs within a specified time frame
✔✔mortality - ✔✔death rate
✔✔Surveillance: - ✔✔looking at the big picture
--May contact nurses who keep track of infectious diseases in office
, --May go to pharmacy and see a lot of people buying TamaFlu in july which is not
normal
--Ongoing overview looking at big data
✔✔where do we get Health Statistics data? - ✔✔--CDC -Much info and links on
website- survellience data - MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (national
statistics)
--USDHHS - same - HP2010
--US Census Bureau (deals w other stats, not just diseases)
--National Center for Health Statistics - Surveys US populations
--Private groups - Children Defence Fund
--local health dept
--hospitals - ie ER visits, keep track of how many people come in with specific issues
✔✔epidemiologic triangle - ✔✔causative agent, susceptible host, environment
✔✔Agent
(Epidemiological Triangle) - ✔✔Animate or inanimate factor that must be present of
lacking for a condition/ disease to develop. The agent is what is CAUSING the
problem/disease/condition.
Ex. leak of a dangerous chemical, outbreak of Ebola virus, bacteria, protozoa, virus,
obesity, loud noise (causing deafness), weapon (leading to suicide)
✔✔Host
(Epidemiological Triangle) - ✔✔--A living species (human/ animal) that is capable of
being infected or affected by the agent.
--**Individual exposed to agent resulting in a condition/ disease. (age, sex, race,
lifestyle, low SES, genetics, immune status)
--dog (getting rabies)
--human (getting flu)
--unprotected sex practices of a person
--prisoners risk behaviors (smoker)
--healthcare worker (at risk bc needle pokes, disease exposure)
--a person's diet choice (unhealthy diet = more likely to get DM, CVD)
✔✔Environment
(Epidemiological Triangle) - ✔✔--All that is internal or external to a given host or agent
that is affected by the agent.
--External conditions (physical, biological, education, socioeconomic status, healthcare
access, social support, culture, climate).
--live in jungle w high humidity and standing water = more virus causes by mosquitoes
--desert would have more fungi diseases like valley fever
--Legislation and policies
--Dusty ground
--Crowded living conditions
