NURS 5350 Immunity || Top Grade Assured.
What are the two types of immunity? correct answers Innate (natural, fast, no memory) and
Adaptive (acquired, slower, specific, memory).
What is innate immunity? correct answers Natural defenses: barriers + inflammation. No
memory.
What is adaptive immunity? correct answers Specific defenses: B cells (antibodies), T cells
(kill/regulate). Has memory.
What are first-line defenses? correct answers Skin, mucous membranes, stomach acid, cilia,
tears, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, urination, enzymes in sweat/saliva/earwax.
What triggers inflammation? correct answers Infection, tissue damage, ischemia, temperature
extremes, radiation.
What are the signs of inflammation? correct answers Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of
function.
What are the 3 plasma protein systems? correct answers Complement, Clotting, Kinin.
What does the complement system do? correct answers Destroys pathogens, helps antibodies,
opsonization, chemotaxis.
What does the clotting system do? correct answers Stops bleeding, traps pathogens, prevents
spread.
What does the kinin system do? correct answers Bradykinin → vasodilation, pain, permeability.
, What are mast cells? correct answers Granule-filled cells near blood vessels. Key activators of
inflammation.
How do mast cells release chemicals? correct answers Degranulation (histamine, chemotactic
factors) and synthesis (leukotrienes, prostaglandins, platelet-activating factor).
What does histamine do? correct answers Dilates small vessels, constricts large ones.
What is the role of H1 receptor? correct answers Pro-inflammatory → bronchoconstriction.
What is the role of H2 receptor? correct answers Anti-inflammatory → stomach acid secretion.
Which interleukin causes fever? correct answers IL-1.
Which interleukin helps healing? correct answers IL-6.
Which interleukins reduce inflammation? correct answers IL-10 and TGF-β.
What do interferons do? correct answers Block viral spread, warn healthy cells.
Which interferons block viral spread? correct answers IFN-α and IFN-β.
Which interferon activates macrophages? correct answers IFN-γ.
What do neutrophils do? correct answers Arrive first, eat bacteria/debris, short-lived → pus.
What do macrophages do? correct answers Long-lived, clean up, wound healing. Named types:
Kupffer (liver), alveolar (lungs), microglia (brain).
What are the two types of immunity? correct answers Innate (natural, fast, no memory) and
Adaptive (acquired, slower, specific, memory).
What is innate immunity? correct answers Natural defenses: barriers + inflammation. No
memory.
What is adaptive immunity? correct answers Specific defenses: B cells (antibodies), T cells
(kill/regulate). Has memory.
What are first-line defenses? correct answers Skin, mucous membranes, stomach acid, cilia,
tears, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, urination, enzymes in sweat/saliva/earwax.
What triggers inflammation? correct answers Infection, tissue damage, ischemia, temperature
extremes, radiation.
What are the signs of inflammation? correct answers Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of
function.
What are the 3 plasma protein systems? correct answers Complement, Clotting, Kinin.
What does the complement system do? correct answers Destroys pathogens, helps antibodies,
opsonization, chemotaxis.
What does the clotting system do? correct answers Stops bleeding, traps pathogens, prevents
spread.
What does the kinin system do? correct answers Bradykinin → vasodilation, pain, permeability.
, What are mast cells? correct answers Granule-filled cells near blood vessels. Key activators of
inflammation.
How do mast cells release chemicals? correct answers Degranulation (histamine, chemotactic
factors) and synthesis (leukotrienes, prostaglandins, platelet-activating factor).
What does histamine do? correct answers Dilates small vessels, constricts large ones.
What is the role of H1 receptor? correct answers Pro-inflammatory → bronchoconstriction.
What is the role of H2 receptor? correct answers Anti-inflammatory → stomach acid secretion.
Which interleukin causes fever? correct answers IL-1.
Which interleukin helps healing? correct answers IL-6.
Which interleukins reduce inflammation? correct answers IL-10 and TGF-β.
What do interferons do? correct answers Block viral spread, warn healthy cells.
Which interferons block viral spread? correct answers IFN-α and IFN-β.
Which interferon activates macrophages? correct answers IFN-γ.
What do neutrophils do? correct answers Arrive first, eat bacteria/debris, short-lived → pus.
What do macrophages do? correct answers Long-lived, clean up, wound healing. Named types:
Kupffer (liver), alveolar (lungs), microglia (brain).
