BIO 251 FINAL/EXAM 4 || SOLVED CORRECTLY.
What was the driving force behind the development of a vaccine against Human Papilloma
Virus? correct answers reduce the incidence of cervical cancer
What is the defining feature of AIDS, a condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency
Virus? correct answers helper T cells levels below a concentration that causes susceptibility to
numerous other pathogens
How does the Varicella-Zoster Virus enter the human body as a pathogen? correct answers
respiratory tract
Here is a cumulative-type question to help you think about material for the final lecture exam...
Why should we track the weekly incidence of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in St. Joe? correct
answers to understand if infection transmission is rising or dropping
Here is a cumulative-type question to help you think about material for the final lecture exam...
Can a drug which inhibits cell wall synthesis have the potential to directly harm human cells?
correct answers no...human cells do not have a cell wall
When considering safety and efficacy of an antimicrobial drug, why is a high value for the
chemotherapeutic index a good thing? correct answers this means the dose needed to cause harm
to the human is very high compared to the dose needed to control the microbe
Why might an antimicrobial drug effective against bacteria not kill fungi? correct answers the
target of the drug exists only in bacteria and not in fungi
Can all antimicrobial drugs be given orally? correct answers no...sometimes stomach acids or GI
digestive enzymes can destroy the drug
How can a cell membrane-inhibiting drug kill a group of microbes but not significantly harm the
human cells? correct answers microbial cell membranes have a differences in lipid composition
compared to human cell membranes
If an approved, marketed antimicrobial drug is labeled as "antifungal", can it affect all fungi?
correct answers not necessarily...this drug may be narrow-spectrum
What is the role of dendritic cells? correct answers capture, digest, and present antigen on MHC
to activate T cells
If a person were unable to produce TFH cells, what problem might this cause in the immune
response? correct answers very little production of antibodies
, Which classes of antibody recruit Complement to the surface of pathogens? correct answers IgG
and IgM
What will vaccination do to the effective reproductive rate (R or Re value) for a given pathogen?
(think back about our discussion on epidemiology and the meaning of the Re value) correct
answers reduce it
When is administering an immunotherapy most effective? correct answers immediately
following exposure to a known pathogen
How do interferons function to inhibit viral infection of human cells? correct answers bind to
receptors on cells, stimulating those cells to produce a variety of antiviral proteins that slow viral
replication
If all Natural Killer cells were removed from an individual, what might be the most likely
immunological consequence related to infectious diseases? correct answers far more severe viral
infections with far more host cells infected by any given virus
Why is it so important that lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) go through "selection" during
development? correct answers to avoid releasing self-reactive lymphocytes into circulation and
reduce the chance of self destruction (autoimmune disease)
How are IgA antibodies useful? correct answers released onto mucosal surfaces and able to block
entry of the specific pathogen to which they bind
Which of the following is true of an individual Plasma Cell? correct answers produces antibodies
of only one antigen binding specificity and only one class of antibody at a time
What is MHC (full name...Major Histocompatibility Complex)? correct answers a human cell
protein which binds and holds digested pieces of microorganisms and holds those pieces on the
surface of human cells
How is inflammation valuable in the defense against microorganisms? correct answers brings
cytokines to the site of infection, inducing epithelial cells to transform into phagocytes
What is the main role of neutrophils? correct answers phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens
How can crying be a defense against pathogens of the eyes? correct answers tears carry
lysozyme across the eye and the flowing liquid washes pathogens away
What is the immunological role of the spleen? correct answers trap pathogens found in the blood
for removal by immune system cells
How would you interpret a phenol coefficient value of 0.7 for a chemical disinfectant against
SARS-CoV-2? correct answers this disinfectant is less effective than phenol at inactivating
SARS-CoV-2
What was the driving force behind the development of a vaccine against Human Papilloma
Virus? correct answers reduce the incidence of cervical cancer
What is the defining feature of AIDS, a condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency
Virus? correct answers helper T cells levels below a concentration that causes susceptibility to
numerous other pathogens
How does the Varicella-Zoster Virus enter the human body as a pathogen? correct answers
respiratory tract
Here is a cumulative-type question to help you think about material for the final lecture exam...
Why should we track the weekly incidence of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in St. Joe? correct
answers to understand if infection transmission is rising or dropping
Here is a cumulative-type question to help you think about material for the final lecture exam...
Can a drug which inhibits cell wall synthesis have the potential to directly harm human cells?
correct answers no...human cells do not have a cell wall
When considering safety and efficacy of an antimicrobial drug, why is a high value for the
chemotherapeutic index a good thing? correct answers this means the dose needed to cause harm
to the human is very high compared to the dose needed to control the microbe
Why might an antimicrobial drug effective against bacteria not kill fungi? correct answers the
target of the drug exists only in bacteria and not in fungi
Can all antimicrobial drugs be given orally? correct answers no...sometimes stomach acids or GI
digestive enzymes can destroy the drug
How can a cell membrane-inhibiting drug kill a group of microbes but not significantly harm the
human cells? correct answers microbial cell membranes have a differences in lipid composition
compared to human cell membranes
If an approved, marketed antimicrobial drug is labeled as "antifungal", can it affect all fungi?
correct answers not necessarily...this drug may be narrow-spectrum
What is the role of dendritic cells? correct answers capture, digest, and present antigen on MHC
to activate T cells
If a person were unable to produce TFH cells, what problem might this cause in the immune
response? correct answers very little production of antibodies
, Which classes of antibody recruit Complement to the surface of pathogens? correct answers IgG
and IgM
What will vaccination do to the effective reproductive rate (R or Re value) for a given pathogen?
(think back about our discussion on epidemiology and the meaning of the Re value) correct
answers reduce it
When is administering an immunotherapy most effective? correct answers immediately
following exposure to a known pathogen
How do interferons function to inhibit viral infection of human cells? correct answers bind to
receptors on cells, stimulating those cells to produce a variety of antiviral proteins that slow viral
replication
If all Natural Killer cells were removed from an individual, what might be the most likely
immunological consequence related to infectious diseases? correct answers far more severe viral
infections with far more host cells infected by any given virus
Why is it so important that lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) go through "selection" during
development? correct answers to avoid releasing self-reactive lymphocytes into circulation and
reduce the chance of self destruction (autoimmune disease)
How are IgA antibodies useful? correct answers released onto mucosal surfaces and able to block
entry of the specific pathogen to which they bind
Which of the following is true of an individual Plasma Cell? correct answers produces antibodies
of only one antigen binding specificity and only one class of antibody at a time
What is MHC (full name...Major Histocompatibility Complex)? correct answers a human cell
protein which binds and holds digested pieces of microorganisms and holds those pieces on the
surface of human cells
How is inflammation valuable in the defense against microorganisms? correct answers brings
cytokines to the site of infection, inducing epithelial cells to transform into phagocytes
What is the main role of neutrophils? correct answers phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens
How can crying be a defense against pathogens of the eyes? correct answers tears carry
lysozyme across the eye and the flowing liquid washes pathogens away
What is the immunological role of the spleen? correct answers trap pathogens found in the blood
for removal by immune system cells
How would you interpret a phenol coefficient value of 0.7 for a chemical disinfectant against
SARS-CoV-2? correct answers this disinfectant is less effective than phenol at inactivating
SARS-CoV-2
