ATI RN PEDIATRICS PROCTOR FINAL
EXAM 2027 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who has epiglottitis. Which of the following actions
should the nurse take first?
A. Obtain a throat culture to identify the causative organism.
B. Initiate humidified oxygen via a blow-by system.
C. Administer a dose of intravenous dexamethasone.
D. Prepare the child for immediate endotracheal intubation.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency due to the risk of total
airway obstruction. Preparing for intubation or tracheostomy is the priority to secure the
airway before any other interventions.
2. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant who has Tetralogy of Fallot and is experiencing a
hypercyanotic spell. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
,B. Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.
C. Place the infant in the knee-chest position.
D. Provide a bottle of oral rehydration solution.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which reduces the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a ‘tet’ spell.
3. A nurse is planning care for a child with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following dietary
interventions should the nurse include?
A. Restrict fat intake to less than 20% of total calories.
B. Provide a high-protein, high-calorie diet.
C. Administer pancreatic enzymes 2 hours after each meal.
D. Limit sodium intake to prevent fluid retention.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Children with cystic fibrosis require a high-protein, high-calorie,
and high-fat diet due to malabsorption issues caused by pancreatic insufficiency.
4. A nurse is assessing a child who has suspected intussusception. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect?
A. Projectile vomiting after feedings.
B. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
, C. Stools that resemble currant jelly.
D. Pain in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Currant jelly stools, composed of blood and mucus, are a classic
sign of intussusception caused by intestinal obstruction and vascular compromise.
5. A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child who has a new diagnosis of Celiac
disease. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the parents to avoid?
A. Corn tortillas.
B. Rice crackers.
C. Tapioca pudding.
D. Barley soup.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Barley contains gluten, which must be strictly avoided by
individuals with Celiac disease. Wheat and rye are also prohibited.
6. A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child for possible physical neglect. Which of the following
findings is a potential indicator of neglect?
A. Bruises in various stages of healing on the shins.
B. Frequent temper tantrums and aggressive behavior.
C. Multiple small, round burn marks on the buttocks.
EXAM 2027 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who has epiglottitis. Which of the following actions
should the nurse take first?
A. Obtain a throat culture to identify the causative organism.
B. Initiate humidified oxygen via a blow-by system.
C. Administer a dose of intravenous dexamethasone.
D. Prepare the child for immediate endotracheal intubation.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency due to the risk of total
airway obstruction. Preparing for intubation or tracheostomy is the priority to secure the
airway before any other interventions.
2. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant who has Tetralogy of Fallot and is experiencing a
hypercyanotic spell. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
,B. Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.
C. Place the infant in the knee-chest position.
D. Provide a bottle of oral rehydration solution.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which reduces the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a ‘tet’ spell.
3. A nurse is planning care for a child with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following dietary
interventions should the nurse include?
A. Restrict fat intake to less than 20% of total calories.
B. Provide a high-protein, high-calorie diet.
C. Administer pancreatic enzymes 2 hours after each meal.
D. Limit sodium intake to prevent fluid retention.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Children with cystic fibrosis require a high-protein, high-calorie,
and high-fat diet due to malabsorption issues caused by pancreatic insufficiency.
4. A nurse is assessing a child who has suspected intussusception. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect?
A. Projectile vomiting after feedings.
B. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
, C. Stools that resemble currant jelly.
D. Pain in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Currant jelly stools, composed of blood and mucus, are a classic
sign of intussusception caused by intestinal obstruction and vascular compromise.
5. A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child who has a new diagnosis of Celiac
disease. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the parents to avoid?
A. Corn tortillas.
B. Rice crackers.
C. Tapioca pudding.
D. Barley soup.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Barley contains gluten, which must be strictly avoided by
individuals with Celiac disease. Wheat and rye are also prohibited.
6. A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child for possible physical neglect. Which of the following
findings is a potential indicator of neglect?
A. Bruises in various stages of healing on the shins.
B. Frequent temper tantrums and aggressive behavior.
C. Multiple small, round burn marks on the buttocks.
