ATI RN PEDIATRICS PROCTOR FINAL
EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who has a new diagnosis of epiglottitis. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take first?
A. Prepare the child for immediate endotracheal intubation.
B. Examine the throat using a tongue depressor to assess for inflammation.
C. Obtain a throat culture to identify the causative organism.
D. Administer a dose of oral antibiotics as prescribed.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency that can cause sudden
airway obstruction. The priority is to secure the airway. Examination of the throat or
obtaining a culture can cause a laryngospasm and complete airway closure.
2. A nurse is assessing a child with suspected Tetralogy of Fallot who suddenly becomes
cyanotic and dyspneic. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first?
A. Administer 100% oxygen via face mask.
B. Place the child in a knee-chest position.
,C. Prepare to administer morphine sulfate IV.
D. Establish intravenous access.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In a ‘tet spell’ or hypercyanotic spell, placing the child in the
knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which decreases the right-to-
left shunt and improves oxygenation.
3. A nurse is assessing an infant who has pyloric stenosis. Which of the following clinical
manifestations should the nurse expect?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Bile-stained projectile vomiting
C. Olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant
D. Distended veins on the abdomen
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Pyloric stenosis is characterized by an olive-shaped mass in the
RUQ and non-bilious projectile vomiting. Currant jelly stools are associated with
intussusception.
4. A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the
following information should be included regarding pancreatic enzyme replacement?
A. Administer the enzymes once daily in the morning.
, B. Increase the dosage if the child has loose, fatty stools.
C. Give the enzymes 2 hours after each meal.
D. Limit enzyme intake during periods of illness.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Pancreatic enzymes should be taken with every meal and snack.
If the child experiences steatorrhea (fatty stools), it indicates that the dosage needs to be
increased.
5. A nurse is caring for an infant who has intussusception. Which of the following findings
should the nurse report to the provider immediately?
A. Vomiting of gastric contents
B. Passage of a normal brown stool
C. Sausage-shaped abdominal mass
D. Abdominal distension
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The passage of a normal brown stool indicates that the
intussusception has reduced itself. This must be reported immediately as it changes the
plan for surgical intervention.
EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who has a new diagnosis of epiglottitis. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take first?
A. Prepare the child for immediate endotracheal intubation.
B. Examine the throat using a tongue depressor to assess for inflammation.
C. Obtain a throat culture to identify the causative organism.
D. Administer a dose of oral antibiotics as prescribed.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency that can cause sudden
airway obstruction. The priority is to secure the airway. Examination of the throat or
obtaining a culture can cause a laryngospasm and complete airway closure.
2. A nurse is assessing a child with suspected Tetralogy of Fallot who suddenly becomes
cyanotic and dyspneic. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first?
A. Administer 100% oxygen via face mask.
B. Place the child in a knee-chest position.
,C. Prepare to administer morphine sulfate IV.
D. Establish intravenous access.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In a ‘tet spell’ or hypercyanotic spell, placing the child in the
knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which decreases the right-to-
left shunt and improves oxygenation.
3. A nurse is assessing an infant who has pyloric stenosis. Which of the following clinical
manifestations should the nurse expect?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Bile-stained projectile vomiting
C. Olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant
D. Distended veins on the abdomen
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Pyloric stenosis is characterized by an olive-shaped mass in the
RUQ and non-bilious projectile vomiting. Currant jelly stools are associated with
intussusception.
4. A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the
following information should be included regarding pancreatic enzyme replacement?
A. Administer the enzymes once daily in the morning.
, B. Increase the dosage if the child has loose, fatty stools.
C. Give the enzymes 2 hours after each meal.
D. Limit enzyme intake during periods of illness.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Pancreatic enzymes should be taken with every meal and snack.
If the child experiences steatorrhea (fatty stools), it indicates that the dosage needs to be
increased.
5. A nurse is caring for an infant who has intussusception. Which of the following findings
should the nurse report to the provider immediately?
A. Vomiting of gastric contents
B. Passage of a normal brown stool
C. Sausage-shaped abdominal mass
D. Abdominal distension
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The passage of a normal brown stool indicates that the
intussusception has reduced itself. This must be reported immediately as it changes the
plan for surgical intervention.
