ATI RN PEDIATRICS PROCTOR EXAM
2026/2027 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who has epiglottitis. Which of the following actions
should the nurse take first?
A. Ensure that emergency intubation equipment is readily available.
B. Initiate IV access for antibiotic administration.
C. Apply a cool-mist humidifier at the bedside.
D. Obtain a throat culture to identify the causative agent.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency that can lead to sudden
airway obstruction. The priority action is to ensure airway patency by having emergency
airway equipment available. Throat cultures are contraindicated as they can trigger
laryngospasm.
,2. A nurse is assessing an infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Abdominal distention and bile-stained vomitus
C. Projectile vomiting after feedings
D. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is characterized by projectile,
non-bilious vomiting shortly after feeding due to the thickening of the pyloric sphincter.
Currant jelly stools are seen in intussusception, and ribbon-like stools are seen in
Hirschsprung’s disease.
3. A school nurse is assessing a child who has scoliosis. Which of the following findings is an
expected manifestation of this condition?
A. Increased lumbar curvature
B. Concave thoracic spine
C. Asymmetric thoracic cage during the Adam’s forward bend test
D. Lateral deviation of the cervical spine
Answer: C
, Conceptual Explanation: Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine. When the child bends
forward at the waist (Adam’s forward bend test), an asymmetric thoracic cage or a rib
hump becomes more visible.
4. A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include regarding the administration of pancreatic
enzymes?
A. Administer the enzymes 1 hour after meals.
B. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack.
C. Mix the enzyme granules with a warm bowl of oatmeal.
D. Increase the dosage if the child develops constipation.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Children with CF require pancreatic enzymes to aid in the
digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. They must be taken with every meal and
snack to ensure proper absorption of nutrients.
5. A nurse is caring for an infant who is post-operative following a cleft lip repair. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Place the infant in a prone position to drain secretions.
B. Offer a pacifier for comfort to prevent crying.
C. Apply a Logan bow or elbow restraints to protect the suture line.
2026/2027 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who has epiglottitis. Which of the following actions
should the nurse take first?
A. Ensure that emergency intubation equipment is readily available.
B. Initiate IV access for antibiotic administration.
C. Apply a cool-mist humidifier at the bedside.
D. Obtain a throat culture to identify the causative agent.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency that can lead to sudden
airway obstruction. The priority action is to ensure airway patency by having emergency
airway equipment available. Throat cultures are contraindicated as they can trigger
laryngospasm.
,2. A nurse is assessing an infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Which of the following
findings should the nurse expect?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Abdominal distention and bile-stained vomitus
C. Projectile vomiting after feedings
D. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is characterized by projectile,
non-bilious vomiting shortly after feeding due to the thickening of the pyloric sphincter.
Currant jelly stools are seen in intussusception, and ribbon-like stools are seen in
Hirschsprung’s disease.
3. A school nurse is assessing a child who has scoliosis. Which of the following findings is an
expected manifestation of this condition?
A. Increased lumbar curvature
B. Concave thoracic spine
C. Asymmetric thoracic cage during the Adam’s forward bend test
D. Lateral deviation of the cervical spine
Answer: C
, Conceptual Explanation: Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine. When the child bends
forward at the waist (Adam’s forward bend test), an asymmetric thoracic cage or a rib
hump becomes more visible.
4. A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the
following instructions should the nurse include regarding the administration of pancreatic
enzymes?
A. Administer the enzymes 1 hour after meals.
B. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack.
C. Mix the enzyme granules with a warm bowl of oatmeal.
D. Increase the dosage if the child develops constipation.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Children with CF require pancreatic enzymes to aid in the
digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. They must be taken with every meal and
snack to ensure proper absorption of nutrients.
5. A nurse is caring for an infant who is post-operative following a cleft lip repair. Which of
the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Place the infant in a prone position to drain secretions.
B. Offer a pacifier for comfort to prevent crying.
C. Apply a Logan bow or elbow restraints to protect the suture line.
