ATI RN PEDIATRICS PROCTOR EXAM
2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who has a new diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Which of
the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Provide a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
B. Restrict fat intake to less than 20% of total calories.
C. Decrease salt intake during the summer months.
D. Administer pancreatic enzymes 2 hours after meals.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Children with cystic fibrosis require a high-calorie, high-protein
diet to compensate for malabsorption. Pancreatic enzymes must be taken with all meals
and snacks, and salt intake should be increased in hot weather due to sodium loss in sweat.
2. A nurse is assessing a child who has tetralogy of Fallot. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse expect?
A. Bounding pulses in the upper extremities.
B. Macular rash on the trunk.
,C. Decreased blood pressure in the lower extremities.
D. Polycythemia and clubbing of the fingers.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Tetralogy of Fallot involves cyanosis, leading to chronic hypoxia.
The body compensates by increasing red blood cell production (polycythemia) and
clubbing of the fingers occurs due to long-term tissue hypoxia.
3. A nurse is caring for an infant who has pyloric stenosis. Which of the following clinical
manifestations should the nurse expect?
A. Currant jelly-like stools.
B. Abdominal distension and bile-stained emesis.
C. Projectile vomiting after feedings.
D. Rigid, board-like abdomen.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Pyloric stenosis is characterized by the thickening of the pyloric
sphincter, which causes projectile vomiting, constant hunger, and an olive-shaped mass in
the right upper quadrant.
4. A nurse is assessing a 10-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the
nurse report to the provider?
A. The infant exhibits separation anxiety.
, B. The infant uses a pincer grasp to pick up small objects.
C. The infant is unable to sit steadily without support.
D. The infant’s weight has tripled since birth.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: By 8 months of age, an infant should be able to sit steadily
without support. Failure to do so by 10 months is a developmental delay that warrants
investigation.
5. A nurse is teaching the parent of a child who has pediculosis capitis. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include?
A. Use a firm-bristled brush to remove nits from the hair.
B. Wash bed linens in cold water and air dry.
C. Apply mayonnaise to the hair for 24 hours.
D. Seal non-washable items in plastic bags for 14 days.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: To eliminate lice (pediculosis capitis), non-washable items
should be sealed in plastic bags for 14 days to ensure the lice and nits are dead. Linens
should be washed in hot water.
2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who has a new diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Which of
the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Provide a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
B. Restrict fat intake to less than 20% of total calories.
C. Decrease salt intake during the summer months.
D. Administer pancreatic enzymes 2 hours after meals.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Children with cystic fibrosis require a high-calorie, high-protein
diet to compensate for malabsorption. Pancreatic enzymes must be taken with all meals
and snacks, and salt intake should be increased in hot weather due to sodium loss in sweat.
2. A nurse is assessing a child who has tetralogy of Fallot. Which of the following
manifestations should the nurse expect?
A. Bounding pulses in the upper extremities.
B. Macular rash on the trunk.
,C. Decreased blood pressure in the lower extremities.
D. Polycythemia and clubbing of the fingers.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Tetralogy of Fallot involves cyanosis, leading to chronic hypoxia.
The body compensates by increasing red blood cell production (polycythemia) and
clubbing of the fingers occurs due to long-term tissue hypoxia.
3. A nurse is caring for an infant who has pyloric stenosis. Which of the following clinical
manifestations should the nurse expect?
A. Currant jelly-like stools.
B. Abdominal distension and bile-stained emesis.
C. Projectile vomiting after feedings.
D. Rigid, board-like abdomen.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Pyloric stenosis is characterized by the thickening of the pyloric
sphincter, which causes projectile vomiting, constant hunger, and an olive-shaped mass in
the right upper quadrant.
4. A nurse is assessing a 10-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the
nurse report to the provider?
A. The infant exhibits separation anxiety.
, B. The infant uses a pincer grasp to pick up small objects.
C. The infant is unable to sit steadily without support.
D. The infant’s weight has tripled since birth.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: By 8 months of age, an infant should be able to sit steadily
without support. Failure to do so by 10 months is a developmental delay that warrants
investigation.
5. A nurse is teaching the parent of a child who has pediculosis capitis. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include?
A. Use a firm-bristled brush to remove nits from the hair.
B. Wash bed linens in cold water and air dry.
C. Apply mayonnaise to the hair for 24 hours.
D. Seal non-washable items in plastic bags for 14 days.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: To eliminate lice (pediculosis capitis), non-washable items
should be sealed in plastic bags for 14 days to ensure the lice and nits are dead. Linens
should be washed in hot water.
