AICE Psychology Paper 1 Exam Studies
Review Questions and Correct Answers
Question 1
Scachter & Singer Ethics:
Correct Answer
STRENGTH:
Protection:
Injections were given by a dr. who stayed for the duration of the experiment
All medical records were checked to ensure no harm. Injections were given by a dr.
who stayed for the duration of the experiment
Informed Consent:
P's did not know true aim so could not give specific permission to take part in it
(consent, but not informed)
Debriefed - all
WEAKNESS:
Informed consent:
Not informed
Right to withdraw:
May have felt they couldn't withdraw due to credit received
Deception:
The P's thought they were receiving a vitamin supplement called Suproxin (when it
was really epinephrine) They also thought that the confederate was another real
participant who had been injected and was completing the questionnaire
Protection: participants were injected, which could have caused physical pain. Also,
as they were in situations that could bring about euphoria or anger, their
psychological state on leaving the study was not the same as when they entered.
Question 2
Laney Nature vs. Nurture:
Correct Answer
DOES NOT SPECIFY
Page 1 of 92
,Question 3
Pepperberg Conclusions:
Correct Answer
Parrots have the potential to demonstrate comprehension of the symbolic concepts
'same' and 'different'
They may learn to respond to verbal questions to vocalize categorical labels
Symbolic representation is not exclusive to primates
Question 4
Laney Results:
Correct Answer
Mean ratings in the love group increased by 2.6 pts compared to .2 points in the
control (out of 8 points)
M/B
for the love group, 22% of Ps indicated a memory, 35% indicated a belief, 43%
reported they were positive that the event had not occurred
Control group- 12% reported a memory, 28 % a belief and 61% that the event had
not occurred
this was the predicted direction but did not reach significance (p= .09)
48% were believers
Critical item (loving asparagus 1st time) rating for believers increased an average of
4.5 points and for non-believers increased by .9 points
Believers who had a memory increased on average by 5.5 points and for those with
a belief it was 3.6 points
Statistical Significance: (p=.03)
Consequences of false beliefs:
RQ- believers reported more desire to eat asparagus than control (p=.001)
FPQ- believers reported liking asparagus significantly more than the control
(p=.001)
FCQ- believers were willing to pay significantly more for asparagus than control
(p=.02)
Believers v. non-believers
P's separated into believers vs. non-, based on same criteria
21/40 in "love condition" met criteria
Believers compared to control
RQ- neither believers nor control reported an increased desire to eat asparagus
FPQ- Believers reported significantly greater desire to eat asparagus
Photo ratings- Believers rated the photo as more appetizing and less disgusting
than those in the control group
Page 2 of 92
,Question 5
Canlı Generalizability:
Correct Answer
DECREASED BY:
Canli chose a specific sample of females for a particular reason. This means that the
findings may ONLY be representative of females. The ways in which males and
females process emotional information may be different, and therefore conclusions
about the brain regions activated may only apply to females.
Question 6
Yamamoto IV:
Correct Answer
Ability of the chimpanzee to give targeted helping to another chimpanzee.
AND
The two conditions - Can see, Cannot see
Question 7
Baron-Cohen Sample type/Characteristics:
Correct Answer
Group 1: OPPORTUNITY
Group 2: OPPORTUNITY
Group 3: OPPORTUNITY
Group 4: RANDOM
-
Group 1: 15 men with AS or HFA with similar ages, socioeconomic class and
educational level as in group 2. All had normal intelligence (mean: 115)
Group 2: 122 normal adults (matched with group 1 for age, class, education)
Group 3: 103 adult students, 53 male, 50 female with high IQs
Group 4: Randomly selected 14 individuals from general population, IQ matched
with group 1 (mean IQ = 116)
Volunteer and opportunity and random
Page 3 of 92
, Question 8
Piliavin Demand Characteristics:
Correct Answer
NO DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS
Question 9
Laney Sample Type/Characteristics:
Correct Answer
Volunteer from students who received credit
128 undergraduates from University of California, Irvine → received course credit for
their time
Ps mostly female (77%)
Mean age of 20.8
103 undergraduates from University of Washington
62% female
Age X=19.9 years
Receive course credits for participating
Assigned to love group (n=58) or control (n=45)
Question 10
Yamamoto Individual vs. Situational:
Correct Answer
ndividual: Influence of personality on behavior (one chimp tried to look over the
partition)
Question 11
Pepperberg Mundane Realism:
Correct Answer
low mundane realism (the task of learning same or different is not a natural task for
a parrot).
Page 4 of 92
Review Questions and Correct Answers
Question 1
Scachter & Singer Ethics:
Correct Answer
STRENGTH:
Protection:
Injections were given by a dr. who stayed for the duration of the experiment
All medical records were checked to ensure no harm. Injections were given by a dr.
who stayed for the duration of the experiment
Informed Consent:
P's did not know true aim so could not give specific permission to take part in it
(consent, but not informed)
Debriefed - all
WEAKNESS:
Informed consent:
Not informed
Right to withdraw:
May have felt they couldn't withdraw due to credit received
Deception:
The P's thought they were receiving a vitamin supplement called Suproxin (when it
was really epinephrine) They also thought that the confederate was another real
participant who had been injected and was completing the questionnaire
Protection: participants were injected, which could have caused physical pain. Also,
as they were in situations that could bring about euphoria or anger, their
psychological state on leaving the study was not the same as when they entered.
Question 2
Laney Nature vs. Nurture:
Correct Answer
DOES NOT SPECIFY
Page 1 of 92
,Question 3
Pepperberg Conclusions:
Correct Answer
Parrots have the potential to demonstrate comprehension of the symbolic concepts
'same' and 'different'
They may learn to respond to verbal questions to vocalize categorical labels
Symbolic representation is not exclusive to primates
Question 4
Laney Results:
Correct Answer
Mean ratings in the love group increased by 2.6 pts compared to .2 points in the
control (out of 8 points)
M/B
for the love group, 22% of Ps indicated a memory, 35% indicated a belief, 43%
reported they were positive that the event had not occurred
Control group- 12% reported a memory, 28 % a belief and 61% that the event had
not occurred
this was the predicted direction but did not reach significance (p= .09)
48% were believers
Critical item (loving asparagus 1st time) rating for believers increased an average of
4.5 points and for non-believers increased by .9 points
Believers who had a memory increased on average by 5.5 points and for those with
a belief it was 3.6 points
Statistical Significance: (p=.03)
Consequences of false beliefs:
RQ- believers reported more desire to eat asparagus than control (p=.001)
FPQ- believers reported liking asparagus significantly more than the control
(p=.001)
FCQ- believers were willing to pay significantly more for asparagus than control
(p=.02)
Believers v. non-believers
P's separated into believers vs. non-, based on same criteria
21/40 in "love condition" met criteria
Believers compared to control
RQ- neither believers nor control reported an increased desire to eat asparagus
FPQ- Believers reported significantly greater desire to eat asparagus
Photo ratings- Believers rated the photo as more appetizing and less disgusting
than those in the control group
Page 2 of 92
,Question 5
Canlı Generalizability:
Correct Answer
DECREASED BY:
Canli chose a specific sample of females for a particular reason. This means that the
findings may ONLY be representative of females. The ways in which males and
females process emotional information may be different, and therefore conclusions
about the brain regions activated may only apply to females.
Question 6
Yamamoto IV:
Correct Answer
Ability of the chimpanzee to give targeted helping to another chimpanzee.
AND
The two conditions - Can see, Cannot see
Question 7
Baron-Cohen Sample type/Characteristics:
Correct Answer
Group 1: OPPORTUNITY
Group 2: OPPORTUNITY
Group 3: OPPORTUNITY
Group 4: RANDOM
-
Group 1: 15 men with AS or HFA with similar ages, socioeconomic class and
educational level as in group 2. All had normal intelligence (mean: 115)
Group 2: 122 normal adults (matched with group 1 for age, class, education)
Group 3: 103 adult students, 53 male, 50 female with high IQs
Group 4: Randomly selected 14 individuals from general population, IQ matched
with group 1 (mean IQ = 116)
Volunteer and opportunity and random
Page 3 of 92
, Question 8
Piliavin Demand Characteristics:
Correct Answer
NO DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS
Question 9
Laney Sample Type/Characteristics:
Correct Answer
Volunteer from students who received credit
128 undergraduates from University of California, Irvine → received course credit for
their time
Ps mostly female (77%)
Mean age of 20.8
103 undergraduates from University of Washington
62% female
Age X=19.9 years
Receive course credits for participating
Assigned to love group (n=58) or control (n=45)
Question 10
Yamamoto Individual vs. Situational:
Correct Answer
ndividual: Influence of personality on behavior (one chimp tried to look over the
partition)
Question 11
Pepperberg Mundane Realism:
Correct Answer
low mundane realism (the task of learning same or different is not a natural task for
a parrot).
Page 4 of 92
