NBME 15 comprehensive guide with
correct answers for top notch revision
,Diabetic neuropathy symptoms - CORRECT ANS:Numbness, tingling, ED, Urinary incontinence, Vision
changes, Dizziness, Muscle weakness
*Burning or electric pain*
Glipizide - CORRECT ANS:Sulfonylurea (stimulates endogenous insulin release)
Close K+ channel in β-cell membrane = insulin release via ↑ Ca2+ influx.
NF-κB - CORRECT ANS:Activation occurs when it's inhibitor, I-κB, is phosphorylated by specific protein
kinase (IKK) & degraded
IκB - CORRECT ANS:Releases NF-κB after undergoing phosphorylation
Insulin secretion - CORRECT ANS:1. Glucose binds Glut2 receptor on β-cells
2. Glucose oxidizes to ATP → closes K⁺ channels in cell membrane → depolarization of β-cells
3. Depolerizatino opens Ca²⁺ channels → ↑ intracellular [Ca²⁺] → [name of this card]
Glucokinase - CORRECT ANS:Liver and β cells of pancreas, induced by insulin
Low glucose = hexokinase sequesters glucose in the tissues
High glucose = excess glucose is stored in the liver
Glucose-6-phosphatase - CORRECT ANS:In ER of liver, Glucose-6-P → Glucose
Deficient in Von Gierke's disease (fasting hypoglycemia, increased glycogen in liver, increased blood
lactate, hepatomegaly)
,Glycogen phosphorylase - CORRECT ANS:Rate determining enzyme for glycogenolysis
Skeletal component deficient in McArdle's disease
-↑ glycogen in muscle, but can't break it down
-Painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria w/ strenuous exercise
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - CORRECT ANS:Irreversible enzyme in Gluconeogenesis
Phosphorylase kinase - CORRECT ANS:A component of Gluconeogenesis
1st Brachial arch - CORRECT ANS:Cartilage: Meckel's (Mandible, Malleus, Mandibular)
Muscles: Muscles of mastication (Masseter, medial pterygoids, Mylohyoid)
Nerves: CN V2, V3
-Chew
Treacher Collins Syndrome - CORRECT ANS:1st arch neural crest fails to migrate
-Mandibular hypoplasia
-Facial abnormalities
2nd Brachial arch - CORRECT ANS:Cartilage: Reichert's (Stapes, Styloid, Stylohyoid)
Muscles:Stapedius, Stylohyoid
Nerves:CN 7
-Smile
, 3rd Brachial arch - CORRECT ANS:Cartilage: Greater horn of hyoid
Muscles: Stylopharyngeus
Nerves: CN 9
-Swallow stylishly
Congentio pharyngo-cutaneous fistula - CORRECT ANS:Persistence of cleft and pouch → fistula between
tonsillar area, cleft in lateral neck
4th-6th Brachial arches - CORRECT ANS:Cartilage: Thyroid, cricoid,
Muscles:
4 = pharyngeal constrictors
6 = intrinsic muscles of larynx
Nerves:
4 = CN X (superior laryngeal branch)
-Simply swallow
6 = CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch)
-Speak
Arches 3 & 4 - CORRECT ANS:Posterior 1/3 of tongue
Brachial Arches (Pneumonic) - CORRECT ANS:When at the golden arches,
1. Chew
2. Smile
3. swallow stylishly or 4. simply swallow
6. speak
correct answers for top notch revision
,Diabetic neuropathy symptoms - CORRECT ANS:Numbness, tingling, ED, Urinary incontinence, Vision
changes, Dizziness, Muscle weakness
*Burning or electric pain*
Glipizide - CORRECT ANS:Sulfonylurea (stimulates endogenous insulin release)
Close K+ channel in β-cell membrane = insulin release via ↑ Ca2+ influx.
NF-κB - CORRECT ANS:Activation occurs when it's inhibitor, I-κB, is phosphorylated by specific protein
kinase (IKK) & degraded
IκB - CORRECT ANS:Releases NF-κB after undergoing phosphorylation
Insulin secretion - CORRECT ANS:1. Glucose binds Glut2 receptor on β-cells
2. Glucose oxidizes to ATP → closes K⁺ channels in cell membrane → depolarization of β-cells
3. Depolerizatino opens Ca²⁺ channels → ↑ intracellular [Ca²⁺] → [name of this card]
Glucokinase - CORRECT ANS:Liver and β cells of pancreas, induced by insulin
Low glucose = hexokinase sequesters glucose in the tissues
High glucose = excess glucose is stored in the liver
Glucose-6-phosphatase - CORRECT ANS:In ER of liver, Glucose-6-P → Glucose
Deficient in Von Gierke's disease (fasting hypoglycemia, increased glycogen in liver, increased blood
lactate, hepatomegaly)
,Glycogen phosphorylase - CORRECT ANS:Rate determining enzyme for glycogenolysis
Skeletal component deficient in McArdle's disease
-↑ glycogen in muscle, but can't break it down
-Painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria w/ strenuous exercise
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - CORRECT ANS:Irreversible enzyme in Gluconeogenesis
Phosphorylase kinase - CORRECT ANS:A component of Gluconeogenesis
1st Brachial arch - CORRECT ANS:Cartilage: Meckel's (Mandible, Malleus, Mandibular)
Muscles: Muscles of mastication (Masseter, medial pterygoids, Mylohyoid)
Nerves: CN V2, V3
-Chew
Treacher Collins Syndrome - CORRECT ANS:1st arch neural crest fails to migrate
-Mandibular hypoplasia
-Facial abnormalities
2nd Brachial arch - CORRECT ANS:Cartilage: Reichert's (Stapes, Styloid, Stylohyoid)
Muscles:Stapedius, Stylohyoid
Nerves:CN 7
-Smile
, 3rd Brachial arch - CORRECT ANS:Cartilage: Greater horn of hyoid
Muscles: Stylopharyngeus
Nerves: CN 9
-Swallow stylishly
Congentio pharyngo-cutaneous fistula - CORRECT ANS:Persistence of cleft and pouch → fistula between
tonsillar area, cleft in lateral neck
4th-6th Brachial arches - CORRECT ANS:Cartilage: Thyroid, cricoid,
Muscles:
4 = pharyngeal constrictors
6 = intrinsic muscles of larynx
Nerves:
4 = CN X (superior laryngeal branch)
-Simply swallow
6 = CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch)
-Speak
Arches 3 & 4 - CORRECT ANS:Posterior 1/3 of tongue
Brachial Arches (Pneumonic) - CORRECT ANS:When at the golden arches,
1. Chew
2. Smile
3. swallow stylishly or 4. simply swallow
6. speak
