1
NUR 257 Exam 3 Review: Comprehensive
Questions with Fully Explained Answers
1. What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)? And education - ANSWER
Sudden onset of shortness of breath that occurs during sleep, can be an
underlying symptom of heart disease. And usually it is relieved by seating
up
2. What are the S/S of heart failure - ANSWER PND and swelling in lower
extremities
3. If your patient has decreased breath sounds your priority should be to -
ANSWER Check P02 level and contact PCP, evaluate LOC
4. If your patient has shortness of breath your priority should be to -
ANSWER Check P02 level, vital signs, assess
5. If your patient has tachycardia they may have an increased risk for -
ANSWER Pneumonia
6. What is the priority nursing diagnosis for COPD? - ANSWER Impaired gas
exchange
7. What are some of the first indicators for declining COPD - ANSWER
Altered mental status
8. What is the leading predisposing factor for strokes - ANSWER
Noncompliance with medication and uncontrolled HTN
9. What is a main goal for patients who have a weak side due to stroke? -
ANSWER Do not do it for them encourage independence provide
autonomy
10.Wernickes Aphasia (left brain stroke) - ANSWER Long fluent sentences
that do not make sense
, 2
11.Broca's aphasia (left brain stroke) - ANSWER Struggles to complete
sentences
12.Parkinson's disease considerations - ANSWER There's no cure its
progressive not enough dopamine, medication is given (carbidopa
levodopa). Pt will be unsteady on the feet they do not look down at feet but
forward. The need extra time for ADL's. Appointments should be scheduled
early in the morning or late at night. Early afternoon is best. Use adaptive
utensils such as weighted utensils
13.PT lab value - ANSWER 11-12.5 seconds
14.INR lab value - ANSWER 0.8-1.2
15.Hgb lab value - ANSWER males: 14-18
females: 12-16
16.Hct lab value - ANSWER Male: 42-52%
Female: 37-47%
17.Platelets lab value - ANSWER 150,000-400,000
18.Blood glucose lab value - ANSWER 70-110 mg/dL
19.Potassium lab value - ANSWER 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
20.Causes of MI - ANSWER Most result from atherosclerosis of a coronary
artery, rupture of the plaque, subsequent thrombosis, and occlusion of blood
flow; other factors may be involved such as: coronary artery spasm, platelet
aggregation, and emboli from thrombi lining walls of cardiac chambers
21.four key considerations to the regulation of glucose metabolism: -
ANSWER hormonal regulation, neural regulation, exercise, and stress.
22.Glucose is produced from - ANSWER endogenous glycogen stored in the
muscles and liver.
23.Glycogenolysis is - ANSWER the process by which glycogen is broken
down into glucose to be used by the body to maintain blood glucose levels.
, 3
24.•Major cardiovascular diseases include - ANSWER •Hypertension (HTN)
•Coronary heart disease (CHD)
•Myocardial infarction (MI)
•Angina
•Heart failure (HF)
25.Hypertension
Diagnosed when the diastolic blood pressure (BP) is: - ANSWER 90 mm Hg
or higher or the systolic BP is 140 mm Hg or higher
26.Modifiable Factors to Minimize Risk for Heart Disease (8) - ANSWER
•Control blood pressure
•Maintain healthy triglyceride and cholesterol levels.
•Prevent or control diabetes.
•Cease or never use tobacco products/reduce exposure to pollutants
including tobacco smoke.
•Eat a healthy diet and maintain or attain acceptable weight.
•Engage in regular exercise.
•Control alcohol intake (1 drink daily for women & 2 for men).
•Reduce stress and treat for depression.
27.Complications of Hypertension (5) - ANSWER •Hemorrhagic Stroke
•Retinopathy
•Peripheral Vascular Disease
•Renal Failure (proteinuria)
•CHR, CHF, LVH7
28.Adults at least age 40 should be screened how often for hypertension? -
ANSWER yearly
29.management OF HYPERTENTION (8) - ANSWER •Take medication as
prescribed
•Monitor BP regularly
•Stop smoking
•Reduce alcohol intake
•Dietary changes: Low sodium, low fat & cholesterol, read labels to find
sodium, fat, cholesterol, sugar and calories
•Reduce weight, if overweight or obese
•Increase exercise, 3-4 times per week
NUR 257 Exam 3 Review: Comprehensive
Questions with Fully Explained Answers
1. What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)? And education - ANSWER
Sudden onset of shortness of breath that occurs during sleep, can be an
underlying symptom of heart disease. And usually it is relieved by seating
up
2. What are the S/S of heart failure - ANSWER PND and swelling in lower
extremities
3. If your patient has decreased breath sounds your priority should be to -
ANSWER Check P02 level and contact PCP, evaluate LOC
4. If your patient has shortness of breath your priority should be to -
ANSWER Check P02 level, vital signs, assess
5. If your patient has tachycardia they may have an increased risk for -
ANSWER Pneumonia
6. What is the priority nursing diagnosis for COPD? - ANSWER Impaired gas
exchange
7. What are some of the first indicators for declining COPD - ANSWER
Altered mental status
8. What is the leading predisposing factor for strokes - ANSWER
Noncompliance with medication and uncontrolled HTN
9. What is a main goal for patients who have a weak side due to stroke? -
ANSWER Do not do it for them encourage independence provide
autonomy
10.Wernickes Aphasia (left brain stroke) - ANSWER Long fluent sentences
that do not make sense
, 2
11.Broca's aphasia (left brain stroke) - ANSWER Struggles to complete
sentences
12.Parkinson's disease considerations - ANSWER There's no cure its
progressive not enough dopamine, medication is given (carbidopa
levodopa). Pt will be unsteady on the feet they do not look down at feet but
forward. The need extra time for ADL's. Appointments should be scheduled
early in the morning or late at night. Early afternoon is best. Use adaptive
utensils such as weighted utensils
13.PT lab value - ANSWER 11-12.5 seconds
14.INR lab value - ANSWER 0.8-1.2
15.Hgb lab value - ANSWER males: 14-18
females: 12-16
16.Hct lab value - ANSWER Male: 42-52%
Female: 37-47%
17.Platelets lab value - ANSWER 150,000-400,000
18.Blood glucose lab value - ANSWER 70-110 mg/dL
19.Potassium lab value - ANSWER 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
20.Causes of MI - ANSWER Most result from atherosclerosis of a coronary
artery, rupture of the plaque, subsequent thrombosis, and occlusion of blood
flow; other factors may be involved such as: coronary artery spasm, platelet
aggregation, and emboli from thrombi lining walls of cardiac chambers
21.four key considerations to the regulation of glucose metabolism: -
ANSWER hormonal regulation, neural regulation, exercise, and stress.
22.Glucose is produced from - ANSWER endogenous glycogen stored in the
muscles and liver.
23.Glycogenolysis is - ANSWER the process by which glycogen is broken
down into glucose to be used by the body to maintain blood glucose levels.
, 3
24.•Major cardiovascular diseases include - ANSWER •Hypertension (HTN)
•Coronary heart disease (CHD)
•Myocardial infarction (MI)
•Angina
•Heart failure (HF)
25.Hypertension
Diagnosed when the diastolic blood pressure (BP) is: - ANSWER 90 mm Hg
or higher or the systolic BP is 140 mm Hg or higher
26.Modifiable Factors to Minimize Risk for Heart Disease (8) - ANSWER
•Control blood pressure
•Maintain healthy triglyceride and cholesterol levels.
•Prevent or control diabetes.
•Cease or never use tobacco products/reduce exposure to pollutants
including tobacco smoke.
•Eat a healthy diet and maintain or attain acceptable weight.
•Engage in regular exercise.
•Control alcohol intake (1 drink daily for women & 2 for men).
•Reduce stress and treat for depression.
27.Complications of Hypertension (5) - ANSWER •Hemorrhagic Stroke
•Retinopathy
•Peripheral Vascular Disease
•Renal Failure (proteinuria)
•CHR, CHF, LVH7
28.Adults at least age 40 should be screened how often for hypertension? -
ANSWER yearly
29.management OF HYPERTENTION (8) - ANSWER •Take medication as
prescribed
•Monitor BP regularly
•Stop smoking
•Reduce alcohol intake
•Dietary changes: Low sodium, low fat & cholesterol, read labels to find
sodium, fat, cholesterol, sugar and calories
•Reduce weight, if overweight or obese
•Increase exercise, 3-4 times per week
