WGUD115 EXAM 2026/ 2027 latest update
Questions AND Answers
Pathophysiology (Grand Canyon University)
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,1. Which type of genetic disease affects males more frequently
than females?-
>ANS Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one
Y, if the affected chromosome has the illness, it will be expressed.
2. In which two conditions are chromosomal abnormalities the
leading known cause?>ANS Intellectual disability and fetal
miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities are the leading known cause of
intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
3. What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic studies?
>ANS Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and
preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) are examples of prenatal
diagnostic studies and are performed in vitro. CVS is a form of genetic
testing that provides genetic information found in utero and is usually
performed between weeks 11 and 14 of pregnancy. An amniocentesis
is a form
of genetic testing that evaluates amniotic fluid and is usually performed
during the second trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy.
PGT is performed on the embryo prior to implantation.
4. Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of a
zygote having one chromosome with a normal complement of
genes and one chromosome with a missing gene?>ANS Cri du
chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA
deletion. This term describes the cry often heard from a baby affected
by the syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome can present as a microcephalic,
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,low birth-weight baby with a piercing cry.
5. How can an X-linked recessive disease skip generations?
>ANS The disease can be transmitted through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may
provide an unaffected X to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter
may not show signs of the disease because she has the other X (the
only X the father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
6. Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the disease
rate among the entire population to the disease rate in an
unexposed population?>ANS Relative risk is a ratio of probability,
not an actual occurrence of disease.
7. What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases
based on?>ANS - Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect
multifactorial diseases. Observation and evaluation of each case
individually provides the most thorough and accurate assessment.
8. What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair.>ANS The
imprinted gene is the silent gene of a gene pair.
9. What is the primary reason that some older adults have
impaired inflamma- tion and wound healing?>ANS The underlying
chronic illness exists.
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, A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes
the body's reserves to fight against illness.
10. Which cells are the body's primary defense against parasite
invasion?>ANS -
Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
11. What Phagocytes bacteria?>ANS Macrophages work by eating
or phagocytosing bacteria.
12. What is the first response to a foreign pathogen?>ANS Helper T
cells
13. Which characteristic is the most important determinant of
immunogenicity when considering the antigen?>ANS
Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to recognize something
foreign.
14. How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood is
administered, causing an ABO incompatibility?>ANS The
complement pathway is activated in re- sponse to blood incompatibility.
15. What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes atopic
dermatitis?>ANS An immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reaction
causes atopic dermatitis.
16. Which four infections are considered fungal infections?
>ANS Infection with a fungus is called mycosis and includes
dermatophytes (e.g., tineas, which refers to several skin mycoses,
including ringworm and athlete's foot) and yeasts, which include
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Questions AND Answers
Pathophysiology (Grand Canyon University)
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,1. Which type of genetic disease affects males more frequently
than females?-
>ANS Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one
Y, if the affected chromosome has the illness, it will be expressed.
2. In which two conditions are chromosomal abnormalities the
leading known cause?>ANS Intellectual disability and fetal
miscarriage. Chromosome abnormalities are the leading known cause of
intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
3. What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic studies?
>ANS Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and
preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) are examples of prenatal
diagnostic studies and are performed in vitro. CVS is a form of genetic
testing that provides genetic information found in utero and is usually
performed between weeks 11 and 14 of pregnancy. An amniocentesis
is a form
of genetic testing that evaluates amniotic fluid and is usually performed
during the second trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy.
PGT is performed on the embryo prior to implantation.
4. Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of a
zygote having one chromosome with a normal complement of
genes and one chromosome with a missing gene?>ANS Cri du
chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA
deletion. This term describes the cry often heard from a baby affected
by the syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome can present as a microcephalic,
messages.downloaded_by
,low birth-weight baby with a piercing cry.
5. How can an X-linked recessive disease skip generations?
>ANS The disease can be transmitted through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may
provide an unaffected X to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter
may not show signs of the disease because she has the other X (the
only X the father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
6. Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the disease
rate among the entire population to the disease rate in an
unexposed population?>ANS Relative risk is a ratio of probability,
not an actual occurrence of disease.
7. What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases
based on?>ANS - Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect
multifactorial diseases. Observation and evaluation of each case
individually provides the most thorough and accurate assessment.
8. What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair.>ANS The
imprinted gene is the silent gene of a gene pair.
9. What is the primary reason that some older adults have
impaired inflamma- tion and wound healing?>ANS The underlying
chronic illness exists.
messages.downloaded_by
, A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes
the body's reserves to fight against illness.
10. Which cells are the body's primary defense against parasite
invasion?>ANS -
Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
11. What Phagocytes bacteria?>ANS Macrophages work by eating
or phagocytosing bacteria.
12. What is the first response to a foreign pathogen?>ANS Helper T
cells
13. Which characteristic is the most important determinant of
immunogenicity when considering the antigen?>ANS
Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to recognize something
foreign.
14. How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood is
administered, causing an ABO incompatibility?>ANS The
complement pathway is activated in re- sponse to blood incompatibility.
15. What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes atopic
dermatitis?>ANS An immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reaction
causes atopic dermatitis.
16. Which four infections are considered fungal infections?
>ANS Infection with a fungus is called mycosis and includes
dermatophytes (e.g., tineas, which refers to several skin mycoses,
including ringworm and athlete's foot) and yeasts, which include
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