Research Methods
semi-structured
structured unstructured
Interviews
=
when questions are delivered in real-time with respondent
and interviewer
face-to-face
questions are posed by the interviewer and respondent
replies
structured interview =
predetermined questions are
delivered an interviewer who
by
who do not the
stray from
list of questions
does not probe the answers
beyond
given by the respondent
C 1
+
C
-
)
··
Reliable as it can Interviewers may be
easily be replicated biased and unintentionally
leading questions
ask
Easier to transcribe which influence the
·
and responses interviences response
analyze ↓
validity
because respondents
only give one answer Participant
may fell
caren't probed further) reluctant to reveal
personal information
Interviewer can provide with a
face-to-face
extra information stranger so they
answer less
and explain something truthfully
respondent doesn't
~
reduces
the quality of
understand data
, where some questions
Semi-structured interview = an interview are
but also questions
predetermined new
ask both open and Can be developed
as the interview
closed questions
proceeds
unstructured interview= no predetermined questions and the
interview has a conversational
style
[T] C J
-
More detailed information Researcher is more prone to
can be obtained from each becoming biased and asking
respondent because questions leading questions because
become adopted to each unique they have to make up questions
person on the Spot
"
may influence the
Interviewers can probe more respondents answers,
deeply and access information reducing validity
that may
not be revealed
by predetermined questions requires well trained interviewers
which
may be expensive to
extranesa training
Obtain
un
(
-
effects= expectations may encourage
Researcher researchers certain
behaviors in participants> change their behavior
interviews
to fulfill the researchers expectation
nonverbal behaviors
>
Questionnaires
-
L S
e g leaning
.
must be
phrasing question
>
of a
-
forward-approval
carefully trained can be affected by
crossing arms= disapproval and follow expectations
standardized
~ procedures to lask a
slightly leading
may communicate avoid bids question)
messages
tO
participant
semi-structured
structured unstructured
Interviews
=
when questions are delivered in real-time with respondent
and interviewer
face-to-face
questions are posed by the interviewer and respondent
replies
structured interview =
predetermined questions are
delivered an interviewer who
by
who do not the
stray from
list of questions
does not probe the answers
beyond
given by the respondent
C 1
+
C
-
)
··
Reliable as it can Interviewers may be
easily be replicated biased and unintentionally
leading questions
ask
Easier to transcribe which influence the
·
and responses interviences response
analyze ↓
validity
because respondents
only give one answer Participant
may fell
caren't probed further) reluctant to reveal
personal information
Interviewer can provide with a
face-to-face
extra information stranger so they
answer less
and explain something truthfully
respondent doesn't
~
reduces
the quality of
understand data
, where some questions
Semi-structured interview = an interview are
but also questions
predetermined new
ask both open and Can be developed
as the interview
closed questions
proceeds
unstructured interview= no predetermined questions and the
interview has a conversational
style
[T] C J
-
More detailed information Researcher is more prone to
can be obtained from each becoming biased and asking
respondent because questions leading questions because
become adopted to each unique they have to make up questions
person on the Spot
"
may influence the
Interviewers can probe more respondents answers,
deeply and access information reducing validity
that may
not be revealed
by predetermined questions requires well trained interviewers
which
may be expensive to
extranesa training
Obtain
un
(
-
effects= expectations may encourage
Researcher researchers certain
behaviors in participants> change their behavior
interviews
to fulfill the researchers expectation
nonverbal behaviors
>
Questionnaires
-
L S
e g leaning
.
must be
phrasing question
>
of a
-
forward-approval
carefully trained can be affected by
crossing arms= disapproval and follow expectations
standardized
~ procedures to lask a
slightly leading
may communicate avoid bids question)
messages
tO
participant
