NURS 190 FINAL EXAM 2026 UPDATE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT VEIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
Organs in left upper quadrant - ANS-Stomach and spleen
Organs in right upper quadrant - ANS-Liver and gallbladder
Appendix location - ANS-Right lower quadrant
Diverticulitis pain location - ANS-Left lower quadrant
Sequence of abdominal assessment - ANS-Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
Hepatitis A - ANS-Transmitted fecal-oral route; most common in children
Hepatitis B - ANS-Transmitted by blood, sexually, perinatally, parenterally
Hepatitis C - ANS-Transmitted by blood/parenterally; most common in clients with tattoos
Hepatitis D - ANS-Transmitted same as Hepatitis B
Hepatitis E - ANS-Transmitted via contaminated water; common in travelers to
underdeveloped countries
,Anuria - ANS-Less than 100 cc urine output in 24 hours
Oliguria - ANS-100-400 cc urine output in 24 hours (per final exam doc); less than 400cc (per
quiz review)
Polyuria - ANS-Excessive urine output; common in diabetic clients
Hematuria - ANS-Blood in the urine
Dysuria - ANS-Painful/difficult urination
Nocturia - ANS-Frequent urination at night, common in DM clients
Glycosuria - ANS-Sugar in the urine
Enuresis - ANS-Involuntary urination, especially at night; common in children 5 and younger,
familial tendency, more common in boys
Normal bowel sounds - ANS-5-30/min per quadrant, irregular, high-pitched, gurgling
Borborygmi - ANS-Loud gurgling bowel sounds after not eating 5-7 hours; normal if no other
symptoms
Hyperactive bowel sounds - ANS-Due to diarrhea or gastritis
Hypoactive bowel sounds - ANS-Due to post-op state, partial bowel obstruction, bedridden
patient
,Ulcerative Colitis - ANS-Inflammation/ulceration of colon; abdominal pain, diarrhea,
bloody/mucous stool, hemorrhage, megacolon; may require long-term treatment
Crohn's Disease - ANS-Chronic inflammation of any part of lower intestine to colon; abdominal
pain, diarrhea, cramping, weight loss; may not require medical/surgical intervention
Risk factors for PUD (peptic ulcer disease) - ANS-Smoking, NSAIDs, Helicobacter pylori
Glomeruli - ANS-Clusters of capillaries in kidneys; filter more than 1 liter of fluid per minute
Uremia - ANS-Urine product buildup in blood; hallmark of chronic renal failure; N/V, anorexia,
altered mentation, uremic frost, edema, fatigue, weight loss
Uremic frost - ANS-Crystallized urea on the skin
Azotemia - ANS-High nitrogen compounds in blood from inefficient kidney function
Urolithiasis (renal calculi) - ANS-Stones blocking urinary tract; most common in Caucasians;
strain all urine, report to MD
Risk factor for urolithiasis - ANS-Family history
Urolithiasis fluid management - ANS-Encourage 3 liters of fluid per day if not contraindicated
BPH (Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy) - ANS-Common at age 85+ (95% of men); causes urinary
retention or trickling
, Wilms tumor - ANS-Malignancy of the kidney in infants; stop palpation if mass is felt (risk of
seed dissemination)
Cigar-shaped soft mass in left lower quadrant - ANS-Sign of constipation
Umbilical hernia in children - ANS-Should resolve by age 5; surgery indicated if persistent
To relieve constipation, advise - ANS-Increase fluids (if not contraindicated), high fiber diet,
increase exercise, probiotic foods
Hypernatremia manifestations - ANS-Hypotension, weakness, tachycardia, dry mucous
membranes, oliguria
Hypernatremia cause - ANS-Exposure to extreme environmental temperature
Splenomegaly cause - ANS-Infection of spleen from mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus or HSV-
4)
Widened aorta indication - ANS-Aneurysm; more than 3cm
Most accurate indicators of dehydration in children - ANS-Low level of consciousness, weight
loss, low urine output
2 parts of the diencephalon (given 3 parts) - ANS-Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
2 parts of the nervous system - ANS-Central and peripheral
AND CORRECT VEIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
Organs in left upper quadrant - ANS-Stomach and spleen
Organs in right upper quadrant - ANS-Liver and gallbladder
Appendix location - ANS-Right lower quadrant
Diverticulitis pain location - ANS-Left lower quadrant
Sequence of abdominal assessment - ANS-Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
Hepatitis A - ANS-Transmitted fecal-oral route; most common in children
Hepatitis B - ANS-Transmitted by blood, sexually, perinatally, parenterally
Hepatitis C - ANS-Transmitted by blood/parenterally; most common in clients with tattoos
Hepatitis D - ANS-Transmitted same as Hepatitis B
Hepatitis E - ANS-Transmitted via contaminated water; common in travelers to
underdeveloped countries
,Anuria - ANS-Less than 100 cc urine output in 24 hours
Oliguria - ANS-100-400 cc urine output in 24 hours (per final exam doc); less than 400cc (per
quiz review)
Polyuria - ANS-Excessive urine output; common in diabetic clients
Hematuria - ANS-Blood in the urine
Dysuria - ANS-Painful/difficult urination
Nocturia - ANS-Frequent urination at night, common in DM clients
Glycosuria - ANS-Sugar in the urine
Enuresis - ANS-Involuntary urination, especially at night; common in children 5 and younger,
familial tendency, more common in boys
Normal bowel sounds - ANS-5-30/min per quadrant, irregular, high-pitched, gurgling
Borborygmi - ANS-Loud gurgling bowel sounds after not eating 5-7 hours; normal if no other
symptoms
Hyperactive bowel sounds - ANS-Due to diarrhea or gastritis
Hypoactive bowel sounds - ANS-Due to post-op state, partial bowel obstruction, bedridden
patient
,Ulcerative Colitis - ANS-Inflammation/ulceration of colon; abdominal pain, diarrhea,
bloody/mucous stool, hemorrhage, megacolon; may require long-term treatment
Crohn's Disease - ANS-Chronic inflammation of any part of lower intestine to colon; abdominal
pain, diarrhea, cramping, weight loss; may not require medical/surgical intervention
Risk factors for PUD (peptic ulcer disease) - ANS-Smoking, NSAIDs, Helicobacter pylori
Glomeruli - ANS-Clusters of capillaries in kidneys; filter more than 1 liter of fluid per minute
Uremia - ANS-Urine product buildup in blood; hallmark of chronic renal failure; N/V, anorexia,
altered mentation, uremic frost, edema, fatigue, weight loss
Uremic frost - ANS-Crystallized urea on the skin
Azotemia - ANS-High nitrogen compounds in blood from inefficient kidney function
Urolithiasis (renal calculi) - ANS-Stones blocking urinary tract; most common in Caucasians;
strain all urine, report to MD
Risk factor for urolithiasis - ANS-Family history
Urolithiasis fluid management - ANS-Encourage 3 liters of fluid per day if not contraindicated
BPH (Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy) - ANS-Common at age 85+ (95% of men); causes urinary
retention or trickling
, Wilms tumor - ANS-Malignancy of the kidney in infants; stop palpation if mass is felt (risk of
seed dissemination)
Cigar-shaped soft mass in left lower quadrant - ANS-Sign of constipation
Umbilical hernia in children - ANS-Should resolve by age 5; surgery indicated if persistent
To relieve constipation, advise - ANS-Increase fluids (if not contraindicated), high fiber diet,
increase exercise, probiotic foods
Hypernatremia manifestations - ANS-Hypotension, weakness, tachycardia, dry mucous
membranes, oliguria
Hypernatremia cause - ANS-Exposure to extreme environmental temperature
Splenomegaly cause - ANS-Infection of spleen from mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus or HSV-
4)
Widened aorta indication - ANS-Aneurysm; more than 3cm
Most accurate indicators of dehydration in children - ANS-Low level of consciousness, weight
loss, low urine output
2 parts of the diencephalon (given 3 parts) - ANS-Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
2 parts of the nervous system - ANS-Central and peripheral
