,NSG 3280 Exam 1 Galen Pathophysiology
Actual Questions, Verified Answers with
Rationales | Guarantee Pass
1. Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis?
• A) The process by which cells undergo programmed death
• B) The tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment
• C) The movement of molecules from low to high concentration
• D) The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment
through negative and positive feedback mechanisms, regulating temperature, pH, and
fluid balance.
2. A patient has a serum pH of 7.25. Which of the following best describes this
finding?
• A) Alkalosis — pH above normal range
• B) Normal — pH falls within acceptable limits
• C) Acidosis — pH below normal range of 7.35–7.45
• D) Compensated — kidneys have corrected imbalance
Answer: C
Rationale: Normal arterial pH is 7.35–7.45. A pH of 7.25 indicates acidosis, which can be
respiratory or metabolic in origin and requires prompt identification.
3. In relation to disease development, the term "etiology" refers to:
, • A) Number of people with the disease
• B) Cause of the disease
• C) Definition of the disease
• D) Outcome of the disease
Answer: B
Rationale: Etiology is the study of the causes or reasons for disease phenomena. A
causative factor, when present, will cause disease, whereas a risk factor only increases
likelihood.
4. A disease that is native to a local region is classified as:
• A) Epidemic
• B) Pandemic
• C) Endemic
• D) Idiopathic
Answer: C
Rationale: Endemic diseases are native to a local region. Epidemic spreads to many
people at once, and pandemic spreads to large geographic areas.
5. Which level of prevention is a blood pressure screening program for high school
students?
• A) Primary prevention
• B) Secondary prevention
• C) Tertiary prevention
• D) Prognosis enhancement
Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection, screening, and management
, of disease. Primary prevention alters susceptibility or reduces exposure, while tertiary
prevention focuses on rehabilitation.
6. A client awaiting bone marrow biopsy results experiences stress. Physical exam
would most likely show:
• A) Increased respiratory rate; increased testosterone
• B) Increased blood pressure, heart rate; increased ADH
• C) Pupil dilation; increased somatomedin C
• D) Increased GI motility; decreased TSH
Answer: B
Rationale: Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, causing increased blood
pressure, heart rate, and ADH release.
7. The study of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily
fluids is known as:
• A) Physiology
• B) Pathophysiology
• C) Epidemiology
• D) Histology
Answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology (pathos = suffering) is the study and diagnosis of disease
through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids.
8. A disease with no identifiable cause is classified as:
• A) Iatrogenic
• B) Idiopathic
Actual Questions, Verified Answers with
Rationales | Guarantee Pass
1. Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis?
• A) The process by which cells undergo programmed death
• B) The tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment
• C) The movement of molecules from low to high concentration
• D) The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment
through negative and positive feedback mechanisms, regulating temperature, pH, and
fluid balance.
2. A patient has a serum pH of 7.25. Which of the following best describes this
finding?
• A) Alkalosis — pH above normal range
• B) Normal — pH falls within acceptable limits
• C) Acidosis — pH below normal range of 7.35–7.45
• D) Compensated — kidneys have corrected imbalance
Answer: C
Rationale: Normal arterial pH is 7.35–7.45. A pH of 7.25 indicates acidosis, which can be
respiratory or metabolic in origin and requires prompt identification.
3. In relation to disease development, the term "etiology" refers to:
, • A) Number of people with the disease
• B) Cause of the disease
• C) Definition of the disease
• D) Outcome of the disease
Answer: B
Rationale: Etiology is the study of the causes or reasons for disease phenomena. A
causative factor, when present, will cause disease, whereas a risk factor only increases
likelihood.
4. A disease that is native to a local region is classified as:
• A) Epidemic
• B) Pandemic
• C) Endemic
• D) Idiopathic
Answer: C
Rationale: Endemic diseases are native to a local region. Epidemic spreads to many
people at once, and pandemic spreads to large geographic areas.
5. Which level of prevention is a blood pressure screening program for high school
students?
• A) Primary prevention
• B) Secondary prevention
• C) Tertiary prevention
• D) Prognosis enhancement
Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention involves early detection, screening, and management
, of disease. Primary prevention alters susceptibility or reduces exposure, while tertiary
prevention focuses on rehabilitation.
6. A client awaiting bone marrow biopsy results experiences stress. Physical exam
would most likely show:
• A) Increased respiratory rate; increased testosterone
• B) Increased blood pressure, heart rate; increased ADH
• C) Pupil dilation; increased somatomedin C
• D) Increased GI motility; decreased TSH
Answer: B
Rationale: Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, causing increased blood
pressure, heart rate, and ADH release.
7. The study of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily
fluids is known as:
• A) Physiology
• B) Pathophysiology
• C) Epidemiology
• D) Histology
Answer: B
Rationale: Pathophysiology (pathos = suffering) is the study and diagnosis of disease
through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids.
8. A disease with no identifiable cause is classified as:
• A) Iatrogenic
• B) Idiopathic
