NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS /GUARANTEED PASS
1. Etiology - ANSWER-Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
2. Pathogenesis - ANSWER-Story of how disease develops
3. Atrophy - ANSWER-Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass
4. Hypertrophy - ANSWER-Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
5. Hyperplasia - ANSWER-Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
6. Metaplasia - ANSWER-Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex:
chronic smokers, cells lose cilia
7. Dysplasia - ANSWER-Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
8. Neoplasia - ANSWER-New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign
9. Apoptosis - ANSWER-Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
10. Ischemia - ANSWER-Deficit of oxygen in the cells
11. Hypoxia - ANSWER-Reduced oxygen in the tissues
, 12. Iatrogenic - ANSWER-illness or disease process because a medical process was done
ex: CAUTI
13. Autosomal Recessive Disorders - ANSWER-Has to have two recessive genes to have
disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU
(phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
14. Cystic fibrosis - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous
secretions
15. PKU (phenylketonuria) - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes an
inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow
strict very low protein diet
16. Tay-Sachs - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be
produced causing fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain
and spinal cord
17. Autosomal Dominant Disorders - ANSWER-Only takes one gene for disease to show.
There are no carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's,
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
18. Marfan Syndrome - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities,
congenital heart defects
19. Huntington's Disease - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break
down over time, causing involuntary movements
20. Familial Hypercholesterolemia - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high
cholesterol
SOLUTIONS /GUARANTEED PASS
1. Etiology - ANSWER-Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
2. Pathogenesis - ANSWER-Story of how disease develops
3. Atrophy - ANSWER-Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass
4. Hypertrophy - ANSWER-Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
5. Hyperplasia - ANSWER-Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
6. Metaplasia - ANSWER-Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex:
chronic smokers, cells lose cilia
7. Dysplasia - ANSWER-Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
8. Neoplasia - ANSWER-New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign
9. Apoptosis - ANSWER-Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
10. Ischemia - ANSWER-Deficit of oxygen in the cells
11. Hypoxia - ANSWER-Reduced oxygen in the tissues
, 12. Iatrogenic - ANSWER-illness or disease process because a medical process was done
ex: CAUTI
13. Autosomal Recessive Disorders - ANSWER-Has to have two recessive genes to have
disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU
(phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
14. Cystic fibrosis - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous
secretions
15. PKU (phenylketonuria) - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes an
inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow
strict very low protein diet
16. Tay-Sachs - ANSWER-autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be
produced causing fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain
and spinal cord
17. Autosomal Dominant Disorders - ANSWER-Only takes one gene for disease to show.
There are no carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's,
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
18. Marfan Syndrome - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities,
congenital heart defects
19. Huntington's Disease - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break
down over time, causing involuntary movements
20. Familial Hypercholesterolemia - ANSWER-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high
cholesterol
