CSCC BIO 2215 2 COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ What is metabolism?.
Answer: sum of all chemical reactions and biosynthesis in a cell
◍ What is catabolism?.
Answer: - Degradation or breaking of large molecules into smaller
molecules and often release energy- Breakdown of large molecules produce
smaller molecules which are used as precursor metabolites in anabolism
◍ What is anabolism?.
Answer: reactions involved in the synthesis of cell components, require
energy produced from catabolic reactions
◍ What is ATP?.
Answer: energy currency of cells
◍ How is ATP used to store free energy?.
Answer: energy is stored within the phosphate groups- removal of a
phosphate group will release energy- addition of a phosphate group will
consume energy
◍ What is substrate level phosphorylation?.
Answer: Uses chemical energy to add a phosphate ion to a molecule of
ADP.Substrate level phosphorylation generates much less ATP during
cellular respiration than oxidative phosphorylation.
◍ What is oxidative phosphorylation?.
Answer: Uses energy from the proton motive force to add a phosphate ion to
ADP.
, ◍ What is photophosphorylation?.
Answer: The generation of ATP from ADP using radiant energy from the
sun
◍ What are the 3 different biochemical pathway structures?.
Answer: linear pathways, branched pathways, and cyclic pathways
◍ How do enzymes work?.
Answer: Lower activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction
◍ What is a substrate?.
Answer: the molecule that binds to the enzyme
◍ What are products?.
Answer: the end result of a chemical reaction
◍ What is the active site?.
Answer: The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate
binds, and a chemical reaction is catalyzed.
◍ What are exoenzymes?.
Answer: enzymes secreted by microbes that break down and inflict damage
on tissuesbreak down large molecules OUTSIDE of the cell. MUST be
exported.
◍ What are endoenzymes?.
Answer: enzymes that function inside the cellbreak down molecules inside
of the cell
◍ What is competitive inhibition?.
Answer: An inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding to the active
site.the inhibitor is structurally similar to the substrate
◍ What is non-competitive inhibition?.
Answer: Inhibitor and substrate act on different enzyme sitesalso called the
feedback inhibition
◍ What are oxidation-reduction reactions?.
STUDY GUIDE 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ What is metabolism?.
Answer: sum of all chemical reactions and biosynthesis in a cell
◍ What is catabolism?.
Answer: - Degradation or breaking of large molecules into smaller
molecules and often release energy- Breakdown of large molecules produce
smaller molecules which are used as precursor metabolites in anabolism
◍ What is anabolism?.
Answer: reactions involved in the synthesis of cell components, require
energy produced from catabolic reactions
◍ What is ATP?.
Answer: energy currency of cells
◍ How is ATP used to store free energy?.
Answer: energy is stored within the phosphate groups- removal of a
phosphate group will release energy- addition of a phosphate group will
consume energy
◍ What is substrate level phosphorylation?.
Answer: Uses chemical energy to add a phosphate ion to a molecule of
ADP.Substrate level phosphorylation generates much less ATP during
cellular respiration than oxidative phosphorylation.
◍ What is oxidative phosphorylation?.
Answer: Uses energy from the proton motive force to add a phosphate ion to
ADP.
, ◍ What is photophosphorylation?.
Answer: The generation of ATP from ADP using radiant energy from the
sun
◍ What are the 3 different biochemical pathway structures?.
Answer: linear pathways, branched pathways, and cyclic pathways
◍ How do enzymes work?.
Answer: Lower activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction
◍ What is a substrate?.
Answer: the molecule that binds to the enzyme
◍ What are products?.
Answer: the end result of a chemical reaction
◍ What is the active site?.
Answer: The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate
binds, and a chemical reaction is catalyzed.
◍ What are exoenzymes?.
Answer: enzymes secreted by microbes that break down and inflict damage
on tissuesbreak down large molecules OUTSIDE of the cell. MUST be
exported.
◍ What are endoenzymes?.
Answer: enzymes that function inside the cellbreak down molecules inside
of the cell
◍ What is competitive inhibition?.
Answer: An inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding to the active
site.the inhibitor is structurally similar to the substrate
◍ What is non-competitive inhibition?.
Answer: Inhibitor and substrate act on different enzyme sitesalso called the
feedback inhibition
◍ What are oxidation-reduction reactions?.
