AOCNP Oncology Emergencies Questions & Answers 2026 |
High-Yield Review | Graded A+
1. Which of the following is not seen in Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Hypophosphatemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
2. 6: In addition to aggressive hydration, what medications can be given in
severe cases of hypercalcemia?
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Bisphosphonates and calcitonin
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
3. A patient undergoing chemotherapy for lymphoma develops elevated
potassium and phosphate levels. Which condition should be suspected, and
what immediate action should be taken?
Tumor Lysis Syndrome; initiate aggressive hydration and monitor
electrolytes.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; administer anticoagulants.
Sepsis; start broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately.
Hypercalcemia; provide calcium supplements.
,4. Which condition is characterized by a combination of microangiopathic
hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neurological symptoms?
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
Sepsis
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
5. Describe the role of fluid management in the nursing care of a patient with
SIADH.
Fluid management focuses solely on increasing fluid intake.
Fluid management is only important during chemotherapy.
Fluid management is not necessary as SIADH does not affect fluid
levels.
Fluid management is crucial in SIADH to prevent fluid overload and
maintain electrolyte balance.
6. Describe why Aspirin is not recommended for treating hypersensitivity
reactions.
Aspirin is an effective antihistamine for allergic reactions.
Aspirin is used to reduce inflammation in all cases.
Aspirin can exacerbate allergic reactions and is not an
antihistamine.
Aspirin is a first-line treatment for all hypersensitivity reactions.
7. Which medication is commonly used to treat hypercalcemia in cancer
patients?
, Bisphosphonates (Zometa)
Denosumab
Allopurinol
Gallium nitrate
8. A patient with cancer presents with confusion and altered mental status. After
testing, they are found to have elevated calcium levels. What would be the
most appropriate immediate intervention?
Prescribe oral calcium supplements.
Administer intravenous fluids and consider bisphosphonates.
Perform a lumbar puncture.
Start chemotherapy immediately.
9. Which of the following lab results is a concern for SIADH?
Glucose 90
Creatinine 0.4
sodium 122
K+ 5.0
10. A patient undergoing chemotherapy presents with elevated potassium levels
and ECG changes. What immediate intervention should be prioritized to
manage potential Tumor Lysis Syndrome?
Initiate dialysis immediately.
Start a high-calcium diet.
Administer intravenous fluids and monitor electrolyte levels.
Provide oral potassium supplements.
, 11. If a caregiver expresses concern about the safety of fresh produce for a
cancer patient undergoing treatment, what would be an appropriate
response?
Fruits and vegetables should be cooked before consumption.
All fresh produce should be avoided entirely.
Only canned fruits and vegetables are safe.
Fresh produce can be safe if properly washed and handled.
12. A patient has SIADH and after trying salt tablets and loop diuretics it was
determined they could not tolerate this regimen, what would be your next
choice?
Water restriction 1-1.2 L/day
Tolvaptan
Conivaptan
Demeclocycline 300 mg PO BID
13. In a patient diagnosed with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP),
what laboratory findings would you expect to see that differentiate it from
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
Elevated D-dimer levels with low platelet count.
Normal coagulation profile with low platelet count and elevated
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
Normal platelet count with elevated PT and aPTT.
Prolonged PT and aPTT with elevated fibrinogen levels.
14. What does SIADH stand for in the context of oncology emergencies?
High-Yield Review | Graded A+
1. Which of the following is not seen in Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Hypophosphatemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
2. 6: In addition to aggressive hydration, what medications can be given in
severe cases of hypercalcemia?
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Bisphosphonates and calcitonin
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
3. A patient undergoing chemotherapy for lymphoma develops elevated
potassium and phosphate levels. Which condition should be suspected, and
what immediate action should be taken?
Tumor Lysis Syndrome; initiate aggressive hydration and monitor
electrolytes.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; administer anticoagulants.
Sepsis; start broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately.
Hypercalcemia; provide calcium supplements.
,4. Which condition is characterized by a combination of microangiopathic
hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neurological symptoms?
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
Sepsis
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
5. Describe the role of fluid management in the nursing care of a patient with
SIADH.
Fluid management focuses solely on increasing fluid intake.
Fluid management is only important during chemotherapy.
Fluid management is not necessary as SIADH does not affect fluid
levels.
Fluid management is crucial in SIADH to prevent fluid overload and
maintain electrolyte balance.
6. Describe why Aspirin is not recommended for treating hypersensitivity
reactions.
Aspirin is an effective antihistamine for allergic reactions.
Aspirin is used to reduce inflammation in all cases.
Aspirin can exacerbate allergic reactions and is not an
antihistamine.
Aspirin is a first-line treatment for all hypersensitivity reactions.
7. Which medication is commonly used to treat hypercalcemia in cancer
patients?
, Bisphosphonates (Zometa)
Denosumab
Allopurinol
Gallium nitrate
8. A patient with cancer presents with confusion and altered mental status. After
testing, they are found to have elevated calcium levels. What would be the
most appropriate immediate intervention?
Prescribe oral calcium supplements.
Administer intravenous fluids and consider bisphosphonates.
Perform a lumbar puncture.
Start chemotherapy immediately.
9. Which of the following lab results is a concern for SIADH?
Glucose 90
Creatinine 0.4
sodium 122
K+ 5.0
10. A patient undergoing chemotherapy presents with elevated potassium levels
and ECG changes. What immediate intervention should be prioritized to
manage potential Tumor Lysis Syndrome?
Initiate dialysis immediately.
Start a high-calcium diet.
Administer intravenous fluids and monitor electrolyte levels.
Provide oral potassium supplements.
, 11. If a caregiver expresses concern about the safety of fresh produce for a
cancer patient undergoing treatment, what would be an appropriate
response?
Fruits and vegetables should be cooked before consumption.
All fresh produce should be avoided entirely.
Only canned fruits and vegetables are safe.
Fresh produce can be safe if properly washed and handled.
12. A patient has SIADH and after trying salt tablets and loop diuretics it was
determined they could not tolerate this regimen, what would be your next
choice?
Water restriction 1-1.2 L/day
Tolvaptan
Conivaptan
Demeclocycline 300 mg PO BID
13. In a patient diagnosed with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP),
what laboratory findings would you expect to see that differentiate it from
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
Elevated D-dimer levels with low platelet count.
Normal coagulation profile with low platelet count and elevated
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
Normal platelet count with elevated PT and aPTT.
Prolonged PT and aPTT with elevated fibrinogen levels.
14. What does SIADH stand for in the context of oncology emergencies?
