WGU D236 Patho Study Guide Latest recent
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,Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? - correct ans:Oncotic
Oncotic - correct ans:a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a primary determinant of
oncotic pressure - correct ans:albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume - correct ans:Albumin
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity - correct ans:Possible answer:
naive T cells
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children and older adult patients more
susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T cells - correct ans:Younger patients have fewer
memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
,Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens, which means that they have
fewer memory cells than adults. The primary immune response is relatively weak compared to a
secondary response mediated by memory cells.
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger patients. When these patients
encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of naive T cells gives clonal selection fewer
opportunities to "find" T cells that will be effective.
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates actions such as thirst, ADH, the
kidneys, and RAAS. - correct ans:osmoreceptors
Fluid deficit causes - correct ans:-Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors - correct ans:-Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations - correct ans:-dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs - correct ans:Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are causing the imbalance
and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
, Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain a blood pH of _______ -
correct ans:7.35-7.45
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and a blood pH of 7.53. She is
breathing slowly. What condition does the patient have?
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis - correct ans:Metabolic alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same direction). This indicates
metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory system is attempting to compensate
for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining more CO2
To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body utilizes 3 buffer systems: - correct
ans:proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system first line of defense is _____, second line of defense is _____ - correct
ans:respirations; kidneys
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system equation - correct ans:The equation moves in both directions
CABS Equation:
When CO2 levels are elevated, the equation moves ________, forming more H+ and HCO3- ions -
correct ans:toward the right
CABS Equation:
When H+ ions are elevated, the equation moves _____, as H+ ions are converted to CO2 and the CO2 is
exhaled. - correct ans:toward the left
and frequently tested exam with
comprehensive questions and verified
accurate solution (detailed & elaborated)
GRADED A+
Professional Academic Assistance Services
Services Offered
Proctored Exam Assistance
Online Class Management (Full Course Support)
Exam Preparation & Study Materials
Assignments and Coursework Support
Essays and Research Papers
Discussion Posts and Replies
CONTACT INFORMATION
WHATAPPSLINK- https://wa.me/254784769540
,Pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream? - correct ans:Oncotic
Oncotic - correct ans:a form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
In the blood, _____ is the most common plasma protein and is, therefore, a primary determinant of
oncotic pressure - correct ans:albumin
_____ controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume - correct ans:Albumin
One question was about the difference in children and adult immunity - correct ans:Possible answer:
naive T cells
Learning check question: Which differences in immunity make children and older adult patients more
susceptible to infections? Choose 2 answers
Younger patients have fewer memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have more memory cells to combat infection
Younger patients have a large population of naive T cells
Older adult patients have a large population of naive T cells - correct ans:Younger patients have fewer
memory cells to combat infection
Older adult patients have a dwindling population of naive T cells
,Rationale: younger patients have not been exposed to many pathogens, which means that they have
fewer memory cells than adults. The primary immune response is relatively weak compared to a
secondary response mediated by memory cells.
Older adult patients do not have as many T cells compared to younger patients. When these patients
encounter novel pathogens, the reduced number of naive T cells gives clonal selection fewer
opportunities to "find" T cells that will be effective.
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _______, which regulates actions such as thirst, ADH, the
kidneys, and RAAS. - correct ans:osmoreceptors
Fluid deficit causes - correct ans:-Excessive loss
-Inadequate intake
-Or combination of both
Fluid deficit risk factors - correct ans:-Vomiting/diarrhea
-Excessive sweating
-Insufficient water intake
Fluid deficit manifestations - correct ans:-dry mucous membranes
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-low blood pressure
-tachycardia
-confusion
ROME for ABGs - correct ans:Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal
If pH and pCO2 are moving in opposite directions, then it is pCO2 levels that are causing the imbalance
and it is respiratory in nature
If they are moving the same direction then it is metabolic in nature
, Buffers, renal compensation, and respiratory compensation help to maintain a blood pH of _______ -
correct ans:7.35-7.45
A patient with a viral illness and severe vomiting has an elevated CO2 level and a blood pH of 7.53. She is
breathing slowly. What condition does the patient have?
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis - correct ans:Metabolic alkalosis
The patient's pH and CO2 level are both elevating (moving in the same direction). This indicates
metabolic alkalosis. The CO2 level is high because her respiratory system is attempting to compensate
for the high pH by exhaling less and retaining more CO2
To prevent changes in pH, the body employs buffer systems. The body utilizes 3 buffer systems: - correct
ans:proteins, phosphates, and the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system first line of defense is _____, second line of defense is _____ - correct
ans:respirations; kidneys
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system equation - correct ans:The equation moves in both directions
CABS Equation:
When CO2 levels are elevated, the equation moves ________, forming more H+ and HCO3- ions -
correct ans:toward the right
CABS Equation:
When H+ ions are elevated, the equation moves _____, as H+ ions are converted to CO2 and the CO2 is
exhaled. - correct ans:toward the left
