CPAN CAPA CERT EXAM III EXAM REVIEW
STUDY NOTES
◉ Interscalene nerve block.
Answer: anesthetizes the brachial plexus as it passes through the
scalene triangle. It is used to provide anethesia for the shoulder and
upper arm. Nearly all patients will devleop transeint ipsilateral
diaphragmatic parylasis due to involvment of the phrenic nerve
roots as tehy pass through the interscalene sheath.
◉ Complication of rapid warming.
Answer: Hypotension (rapid vasodilation can cause a drop in blood
pressure)
◉ Hetastarch (Hespan).
Answer: - Volume expander, colloid
- less expensive than blood
- minimal co-ag effects
- less likely to cause allergic reaction
- metabolizes slowly
◉ Why are neonates not tolerant of fluid overload?.
,Answer: - obligate sodium loss
- slow clearance of fluid
- inability to conserve fluid
◉ Medication used to treat fluid overload/ ascites in patient with
Cirrhosis.
Answer: Spironolactone
◉ Steal syndrome.
Answer: - Too much blood going to the fistula, leaving the hand
ischemic. Tx is with surgery or banding to decrease outflow (if high
flow)
◉ Infant should void.
Answer: 5ml/Kg/hr or at least 2-3ml/Kg/hr
◉ Autonomic hyperreflexia (dysreflexia).
Answer: - Massive, uncompensated cardiovascular response to
stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
Stimulation of the sensory receptors below the level of the cord
lesion
- Associated with injuries above level T6
, ◉ TURPs.
Answer: - risk for water intoxication
- risk for hyponatremia
- s/s include: SOB, hypoxemia, confusion, nausea, vomiting, muscle
twitches, tachycardia, and hypotension
◉ intrarenal failure.
Answer: - direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins,
drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
(ex..glomerulonephritis)
◉ orcheopexy.
Answer: procedure to correct testicular torsion
◉ Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
Answer: 1. sensorimotor (18-24 months)
2. preoperational (24 months - 7 years)
3. concrete operational (7 - 12 years)
4. formal operational ( 12 years - adulthood)
◉ distal tubule function.
Answer: - acid-base balance
STUDY NOTES
◉ Interscalene nerve block.
Answer: anesthetizes the brachial plexus as it passes through the
scalene triangle. It is used to provide anethesia for the shoulder and
upper arm. Nearly all patients will devleop transeint ipsilateral
diaphragmatic parylasis due to involvment of the phrenic nerve
roots as tehy pass through the interscalene sheath.
◉ Complication of rapid warming.
Answer: Hypotension (rapid vasodilation can cause a drop in blood
pressure)
◉ Hetastarch (Hespan).
Answer: - Volume expander, colloid
- less expensive than blood
- minimal co-ag effects
- less likely to cause allergic reaction
- metabolizes slowly
◉ Why are neonates not tolerant of fluid overload?.
,Answer: - obligate sodium loss
- slow clearance of fluid
- inability to conserve fluid
◉ Medication used to treat fluid overload/ ascites in patient with
Cirrhosis.
Answer: Spironolactone
◉ Steal syndrome.
Answer: - Too much blood going to the fistula, leaving the hand
ischemic. Tx is with surgery or banding to decrease outflow (if high
flow)
◉ Infant should void.
Answer: 5ml/Kg/hr or at least 2-3ml/Kg/hr
◉ Autonomic hyperreflexia (dysreflexia).
Answer: - Massive, uncompensated cardiovascular response to
stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
Stimulation of the sensory receptors below the level of the cord
lesion
- Associated with injuries above level T6
, ◉ TURPs.
Answer: - risk for water intoxication
- risk for hyponatremia
- s/s include: SOB, hypoxemia, confusion, nausea, vomiting, muscle
twitches, tachycardia, and hypotension
◉ intrarenal failure.
Answer: - direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation, toxins,
drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
(ex..glomerulonephritis)
◉ orcheopexy.
Answer: procedure to correct testicular torsion
◉ Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
Answer: 1. sensorimotor (18-24 months)
2. preoperational (24 months - 7 years)
3. concrete operational (7 - 12 years)
4. formal operational ( 12 years - adulthood)
◉ distal tubule function.
Answer: - acid-base balance
