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PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2
2026|COMPREHENSIVE Q&A 2026
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) - correct-answer - serious sleep
disorder where it causes breathing to repeatedly stops and start during sleep
Shift Work Sleep Disorder - correct-answer - trouble sleeping due to working
nights or rotating shifts. May also have trouble staying awake or alert during work
Restless Leg Syndrome - correct-answer - uncontrollable urge to move your legs
due to an uncomfortable sensation
Cataract - correct-answer - opaqueness of the ocular lens/thickening of lens due
to changes in the lens proteins
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- S/S: decreased visual acuity, blurred vision and decreased color perception
Glaucoma - correct-answer - vision loss due to damage of the optic nerve
resulting in increased pressure within the eye (interocular pressure - IOP). Affects
peripheral Vision
Open Angle Glaucoma - correct-answer - (most common form) occurs due to
blockage of the trabecular network → increased IOP
• Progresses slowly
• Most people are diagnosed once they have lost vision
Closed Angle Glaucoma - correct-answer - area between the cornea and iris has
closed, leading to forward displacement of iris towards cornea
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• Fluid unable to drain → increased IOP
• Abrupt onset, painful
• Requires immediate medical attention
Retinal Detachment - correct-answer - tear or break in retina, which causes fluid
accumulation in the space between retina & epithelial pigment
- Vitreous gel becomes more liquefied
- Separation deprives retina of oxygen & nutrients
- S/S: floaters, flashes of light
Macular Degeneration - correct-answer - degeneration of the retinal macula
- Usually age related (ARMD)
- Affects central vision
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Dry (atrophic) Acute Macular Degernation - correct-answer - (most common type)
atrophy of retinal epithelial layer
• Drusen thins and dries out macula
• Loss of photoreceptors → loss of central vision
• Can progress to Wet AMD
Wet (exudative) Acute Macular Degeneration - correct-answer - abnormal blood
vessel growth
• Vessels are leaky and weak → scarring
• Fluid lifts and damages the macula
• Causes rapid loss of vision if untreated and can lead to retinal detachment
Conjunctivitis - correct-answer - inflammation or swelling of the conjunctiva
("pink eye")
PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2
2026|COMPREHENSIVE Q&A 2026
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) - correct-answer - serious sleep
disorder where it causes breathing to repeatedly stops and start during sleep
Shift Work Sleep Disorder - correct-answer - trouble sleeping due to working
nights or rotating shifts. May also have trouble staying awake or alert during work
Restless Leg Syndrome - correct-answer - uncontrollable urge to move your legs
due to an uncomfortable sensation
Cataract - correct-answer - opaqueness of the ocular lens/thickening of lens due
to changes in the lens proteins
,2|Page
- S/S: decreased visual acuity, blurred vision and decreased color perception
Glaucoma - correct-answer - vision loss due to damage of the optic nerve
resulting in increased pressure within the eye (interocular pressure - IOP). Affects
peripheral Vision
Open Angle Glaucoma - correct-answer - (most common form) occurs due to
blockage of the trabecular network → increased IOP
• Progresses slowly
• Most people are diagnosed once they have lost vision
Closed Angle Glaucoma - correct-answer - area between the cornea and iris has
closed, leading to forward displacement of iris towards cornea
,3|Page
• Fluid unable to drain → increased IOP
• Abrupt onset, painful
• Requires immediate medical attention
Retinal Detachment - correct-answer - tear or break in retina, which causes fluid
accumulation in the space between retina & epithelial pigment
- Vitreous gel becomes more liquefied
- Separation deprives retina of oxygen & nutrients
- S/S: floaters, flashes of light
Macular Degeneration - correct-answer - degeneration of the retinal macula
- Usually age related (ARMD)
- Affects central vision
, 4|Page
Dry (atrophic) Acute Macular Degernation - correct-answer - (most common type)
atrophy of retinal epithelial layer
• Drusen thins and dries out macula
• Loss of photoreceptors → loss of central vision
• Can progress to Wet AMD
Wet (exudative) Acute Macular Degeneration - correct-answer - abnormal blood
vessel growth
• Vessels are leaky and weak → scarring
• Fluid lifts and damages the macula
• Causes rapid loss of vision if untreated and can lead to retinal detachment
Conjunctivitis - correct-answer - inflammation or swelling of the conjunctiva
("pink eye")
