ELSEVIER HESI A2 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026-… EXAM
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
Elsevier HESI A2 Anatomy &
Physiology Practice Questions
& Answers 2026-2027 |
Updated Exam Prep
(Rationales)
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales
183 QUESTIONS
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This document contains 183 Anatomy & Physiology practice questions, each paired with its correct answer
and a detailed rationale. It offers comprehensive review material for foundational biological concepts. This
resource is ideal for students preparing for certification exams or reviewing key principles in human
anatomy and physiology.
CONTENTS
• Urinary System • Biologic Molecules & Cellular Function
• Integumentary System • Homeostasis & Body Defense
• Nervous System • Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems
• Respiratory System • Skeletal System & Articulations
• Muscular System • Endocrine System & Hormones
• Digestive System • Reproductive System
• Anatomical Terminology & Body Organization • Special Senses & Brain Lobes
Page 1
, E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 183
In which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?
1. Thoracic cavity
2.
Mediastinum
3.
Abdominal cavity
4.
Pelvic cavity
CORRECT ANSWER
4.
Pelvic cavity
RATIONALE
The pelvic cavity houses the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs due to its inferior position within the trunk,
protected by the pelvic bones. This anatomical arrangement is dictated by the body's organ systems and their functional
relationships.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 183
Which leukocytes are correctly matched with their function or description? (Select all that apply.)
1.
Monocytes—become macrophages
2.
Basophils—the most common type of WBC
3.
Lymphocytes—important in immune response
4.
Neutrophils—phagocytize microorganisms
CORRECT ANSWER
1, 3, and 4
RATIONALE
Monocytes differentiate into macrophages for phagocytosis, lymphocytes are central to adaptive immunity, and neutrophils
are professional phagocytes that engulf microorganisms, all accurately reflecting their roles. Basophils, while involved in
allergic responses, are not the most common leukocyte; neutrophils hold that distinction.
Page 2
, Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 183
Which are the functional units of the kidney?
1.
Ureters
2.
Glomeruli
3.
Nephrons
4.
Renal capsules
CORRECT ANSWER
3.
Nephrons
RATIONALE
The nephron is the functional and structural unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine through
processes like filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. This complex structure, consisting of the glomerulus and renal tubule,
carries out all essential kidney functions.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 183
the human skull contains about how many bones?
1. about 5
2. about 30
3. about 60
4. about 210
CORRECT ANSWER
2. about 30 (28 to be exact)
RATIONALE
The adult human skull is composed of approximately 28 bones, including 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones, plus 6 auditory
ossicles and the hyoid bone. This question tests knowledge of basic human anatomical structure.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 183
how does the digestive system work with the urinary system?
1. the digestive system controls the function of the ureter
2. the urinary system removs toxins from the products of digestion
3. the digestive system manufactures hormones that influence urination
4. the urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion
CORRECT ANSWER
4. the urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion
Page 3
, RATIONALE
The urinary system filters blood to excrete metabolic wastes, including urea derived from protein digestion, and excess
electrolytes, thus removing byproducts of the digestive process. This exemplifies the interconnectedness of organ systems in
maintaining homeostasis.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 183
which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating electrolytes?
1. the endocrine system
2. the urinary system
3. the lymphatic system
4. the nervous system
CORRECT ANSWER
2. the urinary system
RATIONALE
The kidneys, as the principal organs of the urinary system, meticulously control electrolyte balance by selectively reabsorbing
and excreting ions like sodium, potassium, and chloride to maintain homeostasis. This regulation is vital for cellular function,
nerve impulse transmission, and fluid volume.
Q7 QUESTION 7 OF 183
What is the bladder capacity of the average adult?
1,000 ml
800 ml
500 ml
200 ml
CORRECT ANSWER
500 ml
Explanation:
The normal bladder capacity for the average adult is between 400-600 ml.
Q8 QUESTION 8 OF 183
What is the name of the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder?
loop of Henle
collecting duct
urethra
ureter
Page 4
P R O F E S S I O N A L P R A C T I C E M AT E R I A L S
Elsevier HESI A2 Anatomy &
Physiology Practice Questions
& Answers 2026-2027 |
Updated Exam Prep
(Rationales)
Verified Answers Exam Ready With Rationales
183 QUESTIONS
DOCUMENT OVERVIEW
This document contains 183 Anatomy & Physiology practice questions, each paired with its correct answer
and a detailed rationale. It offers comprehensive review material for foundational biological concepts. This
resource is ideal for students preparing for certification exams or reviewing key principles in human
anatomy and physiology.
CONTENTS
• Urinary System • Biologic Molecules & Cellular Function
• Integumentary System • Homeostasis & Body Defense
• Nervous System • Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems
• Respiratory System • Skeletal System & Articulations
• Muscular System • Endocrine System & Hormones
• Digestive System • Reproductive System
• Anatomical Terminology & Body Organization • Special Senses & Brain Lobes
Page 1
, E XA M Q U EST I O N S
Q1 QUESTION 1 OF 183
In which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found?
1. Thoracic cavity
2.
Mediastinum
3.
Abdominal cavity
4.
Pelvic cavity
CORRECT ANSWER
4.
Pelvic cavity
RATIONALE
The pelvic cavity houses the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs due to its inferior position within the trunk,
protected by the pelvic bones. This anatomical arrangement is dictated by the body's organ systems and their functional
relationships.
Q2 QUESTION 2 OF 183
Which leukocytes are correctly matched with their function or description? (Select all that apply.)
1.
Monocytes—become macrophages
2.
Basophils—the most common type of WBC
3.
Lymphocytes—important in immune response
4.
Neutrophils—phagocytize microorganisms
CORRECT ANSWER
1, 3, and 4
RATIONALE
Monocytes differentiate into macrophages for phagocytosis, lymphocytes are central to adaptive immunity, and neutrophils
are professional phagocytes that engulf microorganisms, all accurately reflecting their roles. Basophils, while involved in
allergic responses, are not the most common leukocyte; neutrophils hold that distinction.
Page 2
, Q3 QUESTION 3 OF 183
Which are the functional units of the kidney?
1.
Ureters
2.
Glomeruli
3.
Nephrons
4.
Renal capsules
CORRECT ANSWER
3.
Nephrons
RATIONALE
The nephron is the functional and structural unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine through
processes like filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. This complex structure, consisting of the glomerulus and renal tubule,
carries out all essential kidney functions.
Q4 QUESTION 4 OF 183
the human skull contains about how many bones?
1. about 5
2. about 30
3. about 60
4. about 210
CORRECT ANSWER
2. about 30 (28 to be exact)
RATIONALE
The adult human skull is composed of approximately 28 bones, including 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones, plus 6 auditory
ossicles and the hyoid bone. This question tests knowledge of basic human anatomical structure.
Q5 QUESTION 5 OF 183
how does the digestive system work with the urinary system?
1. the digestive system controls the function of the ureter
2. the urinary system removs toxins from the products of digestion
3. the digestive system manufactures hormones that influence urination
4. the urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion
CORRECT ANSWER
4. the urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion
Page 3
, RATIONALE
The urinary system filters blood to excrete metabolic wastes, including urea derived from protein digestion, and excess
electrolytes, thus removing byproducts of the digestive process. This exemplifies the interconnectedness of organ systems in
maintaining homeostasis.
Q6 QUESTION 6 OF 183
which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating electrolytes?
1. the endocrine system
2. the urinary system
3. the lymphatic system
4. the nervous system
CORRECT ANSWER
2. the urinary system
RATIONALE
The kidneys, as the principal organs of the urinary system, meticulously control electrolyte balance by selectively reabsorbing
and excreting ions like sodium, potassium, and chloride to maintain homeostasis. This regulation is vital for cellular function,
nerve impulse transmission, and fluid volume.
Q7 QUESTION 7 OF 183
What is the bladder capacity of the average adult?
1,000 ml
800 ml
500 ml
200 ml
CORRECT ANSWER
500 ml
Explanation:
The normal bladder capacity for the average adult is between 400-600 ml.
Q8 QUESTION 8 OF 183
What is the name of the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder?
loop of Henle
collecting duct
urethra
ureter
Page 4
